Many of the customers who are raising loose chickens have been asking me if they have any feed formulas. Today I would like to share with you the general nutrient and feed formulas that are needed at different stages of the chickens for reference only!
The free-range chickens can use and expand the chicken's free space, so that the chickens can be fully exercised. Therefore, the free-range chickens are very lively. The cut feathers are more glossy than the chickens in the cages, and the flesh tastes better than the chickens in the cages. However, there is also some blindness in the current breeding situation of free-range chickens. To this end, over the years how to meet the nutritional needs of different growth stages of free-range chickens, more reasonable choice of suitable local ecological chicken model, from a variety of perspectives conducted a lot of demonstration and research.
I. Phased management of "nutrition + flavor" in scattered chickens
"Nutrition" refers to feeding the chicks a reasonable full-priced compound feed, focusing on meeting the nutritional needs of the chick during the brooding phase. Chicks have the characteristics of strong metabolism, fast growth, strong sensitivity, few villus, poor body temperature regulation ability, weak digestive function, low disease resistance, etc. This characteristic determines the chick's nutrition level, feeding and management, sanitation and disinfection, and epidemic prevention is very important. Paying attention to the nutrition of the chicks and strengthening the feeding and management at this stage is the key to ensuring the brooding effect. “Flavor†refers to raising the chicken flavor during the stocking stage, making full use of the existing fodder resources of farmers, and properly formulating some low-cost concentrate supplements, mainly relying on chickens free in the natural environment such as hillside and grassland. Eat a variety of insects, plants and seeds, increase animal and plant protein and trace elements and other nutrients. In this stage, we mainly focus on reducing the cost of feed, strengthening exercise, reducing fat deposition, and appropriately controlling the growth rate, focusing on cultivating the unique taste and flavor of chickens, adapting to the consumer market, and improving the efficiency of raising chickens.
Second, the brooding stage of feed preparation and feeding management
(I) Example of preparation of chicken's full price feed
In the production practice for many years, it has been concluded that the full-fledged feed for chicks at different stages of use is suitable for farmers in this area. The feeding effect can fully meet the demand of the variety, the raw materials are sufficient, the price is reasonable, and the survival rate in the brooding period can reach more than 95%. It has become one of the best brooding materials for local and surrounding farmers.
1. Formula one. (0 to 2 weeks old chicken material) corn 56.0 %, bran 6.0%, broad bean 4.65 %, soybean pod 20.0 %, rapeseed cake 3.0%, flax cake 3.0%, fish meal 3.0%, salt 0.35 %, premix 4.0 %.
2. Recipe 2. (3 to 4 weeks old chicken material) 59.0 % corn, 5.0 % bran, 4.65 % vicia faba, 19.9 % soybean meal, 3.0% rapeseed cake, 2.0% flax cake, 3.0% fish meal, 0.35 % food, premix 4.0 %.
3. Recipe 3. (5 to 7 weeks old chicks) 62.0 % corn, 6.0% bran, 3.65 % faba, 15.0 % soybean meal, 4.0% rapeseed cake, 3.0 % flax cake, 2.0% fish meal, 0.35 % salt, premix 4.0 %.
(II) Key measures for raising and managing chicks
A reasonable full-price compound feed is the material basis for brooding, and it is also the primary condition. However, according to the physiological characteristics of chicks, the feeding, management, sanitation, and epidemic prevention during the brooding period are also very important. Grasping "two openings" and doing a good job of "three controls" and "three degrees" is the key to the success or failure of brooding.
1. "Two open". That is, the boiling water and diet of young chickens should adopt the principle of first boiling and then eating. After the chicks have hatched, a portion of the yolk has not yet been absorbed. The chicks' drinking water can accelerate the metabolism of this nutrient. Feeding chicks should be done as follows: Feeding diets should be based on nutrient-rich, easily digestible, and fully palatable full-price compound feeds. Feeding troughs should be sufficient, and the number of feedings should be gradually reduced according to the age. Because the chicks have poor digestive function, they cannot eat too much food. If they eat too much, they can cause indigestion, cause digestive diseases, and can feed 80% of them.
2. "Three controls." That is, controlling the ventilation, light and diseases of the chicken house.
(1) Control ventilation. Under conditions of high humidity and high density feeding, chicks in the brooding house emit large amounts of harmful gases such as ammonia and carbon dioxide due to breathing, faeces, and moist litter, thus contaminating the air. The purpose of ventilating the house is to eliminate harmful gases and replace fresh air in the house, and not to increase the relative humidity in the house. The correct approach is: every day at about 12 o'clock in the brooding period, the sunny side of the window should be properly opened, so that the air convection, the window leaves a half-open state, to prevent cold wind straight blow chicks, window opening time is generally 0.5 ~ 1 h. In order to prevent the reduction of the temperature, the temperature of the cabin can be increased by 1 to 2 °C before ventilation, and the original temperature can be lowered after the ventilation is completed.
(2) Control lighting. Light can promote chicks to feed on drinking water, increase exercise, promote muscle and bone development, prevent disease, and improve production performance. When the chicks are 3 weeks old, the chicks can be housed outside at noon on sunny days (the climate is warmer), and they can enjoy the sun and exercise for 1 to 2 hours. This can not only promote the growth and development of chicks, but also can promote the chicks to gradually adapt to the natural environment.
(3) Control of disease occurrence. Young chicks are small and have poor disease resistance. In the event of a disease, they will infect rapidly, have a high mortality rate and suffer large losses. Therefore, we must do a good job of preventing and deworming the chicks. After the chicks enter the brooding house, they must first use 0.01% potassium permanganate solution as the chick's drinking water to disinfect the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, a preventive coccidiosis control can be used with drugs such as anthelminth or wormwood; rinse the utensils after daily feeding and disinfect them with a disinfectant; pay attention to the health of the brooding house and its surrounding environment; The litter should be diligently changed to diligence and keep the air in the house fresh. The feed and medicine should be fed strictly according to the standard. It is forbidden to feed the moldy and deteriorating feed to prevent feed poisoning. If there is a dead chicken, it should be dissected, diagnosed and controlled in time. To early disease, disease prevention, disease-free chicken buried or burned, strict disinfection, completely eliminate the source of infection.
3. "Three degrees." That is, grasp the temperature, humidity, and density.
(1) The proper temperature is the key to raising a chick. The temperature requirements for common chickens are: 34 to 35 °C for 1 to 3 days, 32 to 33 °C for 4 to 7 days, 2 to 3 °C per week after 7 days, until 20 °C, about 6 Weeks, chicks can adapt to the natural environment.
(2) Keep proper humidity in the house. Humidity in the brooding house is too high or too low to be suitable for the growth and development of the chicks. The ideal humidity is: the first week of age relative humidity is 70% to 75%, the second week of age is reduced to 65% from the third week of age At the beginning, try to keep it at 55% to 60%.
(3) Also pay attention to the density of chicks. Reasonable stocking density is an important condition for ensuring healthy chickens and good growth, because the density is directly related to the air, humidity, hygiene, and the occurrence of evil spirits in the brooding house. In general, it is 30/m2 at the first week, 25/m2 at the 2nd week, 20/m2 at the 3rd week, 15/m2 at the 4th week, and 10/m2 at the 5th week. In addition, the breeding density of chicks must also be flexibly controlled according to species, season, sex, structure, ventilation, and feeding methods.
Third, the preparation of supplement materials in the stocking stage and chicken management methods
(I) The proportion of concentrate supplements
Generally, the time to start the stocking is determined according to the growth condition of the chicks, the climatic conditions, and the like, and the stocking time is generally about 5 weeks old. After the chicks have entered the stocking stage, they can gradually replace the brood full price feed with homemade concentrate supplements over a period of 1 week. The supplementary materials are prepared according to the nutrient that can be freely eaten by the stocking chickens, and the existing raw materials such as crops, hay, etc., which are produced by the farmers, and are appropriately added to the premixes.
In recent years, in the northern mountainous regions of the region, mountain demonstration bases for laying chickens have been prepared using the following supplements: 60.0 % corn, 12.0% wheat bran, 15.0 % alfalfa meal, 3.0 % rapeseed cake, 2.0 % flax cake, peas 3.7 %, salt 0.3 %, premix 4.0 %. The stocking period was 120 days, and the slaughter weight was about 2 kg. The survival rate in the stocking period was more than 98%. The average income of raising chickens is 15 to 20 yuan/set, and the benefits are obvious.
(II) Management methods of ecological scattered chickens
Utilize resources such as barren hills, wild slopes, woodlands, pastures, and orchards, and implement a combination of free-range farming and scale farming. First, the farmers are free-range, that is, feeding mixed chickens, roosting for about 100 days as chickens for sale, leaving the hens to lay eggs for one cycle and eliminating them, which is suitable for ordinary farmers to choose from, and does not require specialized feeding personnel. Family members can take care of their completion. The investment is small, labor-saving and convenient to operate; the second is scale farming, which focuses on cultivating more than 100 large households and 10,000 key villages. The chickens are sold in free-range till 120-150d and the body weight is about 2kg. Two batches are raised each year. It is generally chosen to have the ability to raise chickens, have stocking conditions such as grasslands and slopes, and implement farmhouses with adequate labor. By increasing the scale of breeding to increase efficiency, relying on creating distinctive brands to occupy the market and gradually realize industrial production.
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