Vegetable production is favored by farmers' friends for its higher economic benefits. However, in actual production, due to the lack of knowledge about scientific fertilizer, the fertilizer effect is not high, and even fertilizer and pollution are caused. Here are some suggestions for fertilizing vegetable fields for reference by farmers.
1, green leafy vegetables should not apply ammonium nitrate fertilizer. Such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage, leeks, celery, spinach, lettuce, etc., the growth period is short, easy to absorb nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. If ammonium nitrate fertilizer is applied, green leafy vegetables absorb nitrate ions. When this salt enters the human body, long-term consumption can cause cumulative poisoning.
2, before the picking of green leafy vegetables should not be sprayed with nitrogen fertilizer. This is due to the fact that the green leaves of edible parts of green leafy vegetables are significantly increased in nitrate content after spraying with urea, ammonium sulfate or human urine solutions, causing serious contamination of the vegetables and affecting quality.
3, vegetable urea should not be immediately after irrigation. The nitrogen component contained in urea is an amide. Under the action of the urease enzyme secreted by the soil microorganisms, amide nitrogen is converted into ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate before it is absorbed by the vegetable roots, or is stored by the soil. If urea is applied immediately after the application of water or rain, amide nitrogen will be lost with the water, and its loss is even greater than ammonium nitrate. Therefore, whether urea is used as base fertilizer or topdressing, it should be applied after 5-7 days, so that after all the conversion is complete, then water, so as to avoid losses.
4. It is not suitable to apply ammonium sulfate multiple times in succession. In acidic soils or calcareous soils, if ammonium sulfate is applied multiple times in succession, the acidic soil becomes more acidic. Calcareous soil causes compaction, which seriously affects the normal growth of vegetables.
5. Ammonium bicarbonate should not be applied to dry land. Ammonium bicarbonate is extremely unstable and volatile, especially in the case of drought and water shortage. Therefore, the use of ammonium bicarbonate in vegetable fields, whether as a base fertilizer or topdressing, should be immediately covered with soil after application, and in case of dry weather, water should be poured or applied.
6, the amount of phosphate fertilizer should not be too much. If a large number of phosphorus fertilizers are applied in vegetable fields in successive years, excessive supply of phosphate fertilizers will seriously affect the growth and development of vegetables, causing premature plant growth, poor growth, reduced yield, and deteriorated quality. Generally, 15-30 kg of phosphate fertilizer should be applied per mu.
7. It is not appropriate to apply unfamiliar human and animal waste. Unfamiliar human waste contains many infectious bacteria and parasite eggs. If such manure is directly applied to green leafy vegetables without stacking or disinfecting, it will cause serious vegetable contamination, resulting in the occurrence of various infectious diseases and the spread of parasitic diseases. Human fecal urine should be applied through a harmless treatment such as sealed heaps, digester fermentation or drug treatment. Due to the large amount of weed seeds mixed in livestock manure, it will cause vegetable weeding after fertilization. Therefore, the application must be performed at high temperature (50-70°C) for 1-2 months before application.
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