First, the name of the species
Jingjiang duck has many advantages, such as mature, egg production, suitable for grazing and good for feeding. It is an excellent egg-type local duck species in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In 1959, when surveys were carried out on local livestock and poultry improved species in Hubei Province, they were mainly produced on the banks of Jingjiang in the west and Jiangli in the east, and were therefore named Jingjiang Duck. In 1981, the province carried out the survey of livestock and poultry breed resources and continued to use this name. And in 1985 it was included in the "Hubei livestock and poultry breeds." In the 2002 survey, Jingjiang duck life was still used.
Second, the number and distribution
According to a survey conducted in 1959, Jingjiang ducks were mainly produced in the counties of Jiangling, Jianli, and Xiangyang at the time, with a total of 500,000, and adjacent to Honghu, Shishou, Gong'an, Qianjiang, and other counties. However, since the 1960s, the counties and counties have successively introduced ducks from Hunan, Jiangxi, and Jiangsu to crossbreed, resulting in mixed Jingjiang duck breeds, and the number has decreased significantly, while the introduction of exotic varieties has decreased in Jianli County. According to a survey conducted in 1981, there are 182,500 Jingjiang ducks in the county, accounting for 30% of the total number of ducks in the county. At the end of 2001, there were 618,100 ducks in Jingjiang County, accounting for 40.55% of the total number of 1.545 million ducks in the year. In addition, Honghu, Public Security, Jingzhou, Jiangling, Shishou, Qianjiang, Tianmen, and Shayang counties (cities, districts) still have sporadic distribution, with a total storage of about 800,000.
III. Ecological conditions and history of origin
Jianli County, the main producing area of ​​Jingjiang Duck, is located in the plain lake area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and is in a subtropical monsoon climate. It is mild and rainy, with an average annual temperature of 15.7~17.2°C, precipitation of 1,230mm, frost-free period of 229~298 days, and good ecological conditions. It is suitable for the development of Jingjiang ducks.
Production area to more than fields. Jianli County has a total area of ​​3,118 square kilometers, and an area of ​​1,731,000 mu of arable land, including 1,126,500 mu of paddy fields, accounting for 65%; and 604,000 mu of dry land, accounting for 35% of the total crops. The crops are mainly rice, wheat, and beans. There is plenty of feed for ducks. In addition, the county still has 195,000 acres of water, rivers and rivers, lakes and ponds, fish, shrimp, snail and Ze grass, there are more natural feed.
According to the survey, the reasonable village of Luohe Town in Jianli County had been fed with local ducks in the early years of Qing Emperor Guangxu. It has a hundred years of history. In the long-term feeding process, the majority of duck farmers pay great attention to breeding ducks. Before liberation, there is a habit of self-cultivation and self-cultivation. After a long period of natural and artificial selection, Jingjiang ducks with local characteristics were formed.
Fourth, body appearance characteristics
Jingjiang duck head slightly smaller, the amount of micro-uplift, like "catfish" head type. The eye is big and has a long eyebrow and white hair above the eye. The neck is slender and flexible. The body is slightly longer and the shoulders are narrower. The dorsal flat tilts back and gradually widens. The abdomen is deep and the individual is small and strong. It is a duck body type. The upper part of the tower is azure, and the lower part of the tower is orange. The body plumage is compact. The head and neck of the male duck are emerald green. The neck is dark brown below the neck and the back is pale gray. The head and neck of the female duck are mostly gray-yellow, and the black back of the duck's head is black spots or brown spots. The majority of the former. Compared with 1982, the appearance of adult duck body shape was basically unchanged.
V. Production performance
1, the growth rate
Jingjiang ducks are small and have a slow growth rate. The average body weight at 60 days is only about 12 times the 39.58 g birth weight, but the body weight at 90 days is more than double the body weight at 60 days.
2, egg production performance
According to a 1982 survey of 316 Jingjiang ducks, there were a total of 67,755 egg production in the year, with an average of 214.4 eggs per year. In well-fed conditions, the annual egg production can reach more than 300 eggs. The average egg production rate is 58% and the average egg weight is 63.55 grams. In 1959, investigations were conducted on 2,500 ducks of Jiangling and Fuyang. The total number of eggs produced in the year was 470,390, with an average of 188.16 eggs per year. The average egg production rate was 51.55% and the average egg weight was 60.35 grams. It can be seen that the Jingjiang ducks kept by Jianli not only have not been degraded, but their production performance has also improved. The Jingjiang duck has an oval shape with an egg shape index of 1.40. The eggshell is thin, but smooth and strong. White shell eggs are larger, accounting for about 74% of the total number of eggs; shell eggs are smaller, accounting for about 26% of the total number of eggs.
3, reproductive performance
Jingjiang duck has a strong libido and strong breeding ability. Generally, each drake can be equipped with 20 to 25 female ducks. The people in the production areas are accustomed to using the ducks hatched in the first year as the breeding ducks of the second year, and slaughtered after one year of breeding. About 100 days old, the mother ducks are allowed to start production. The earliest 90-day-olds can start production, have good performances of early maturity, and have the highest egg production at the 2nd and 3rd anniversary. They usually use 3 to 4 years more. According to the 2001 incubation records of the hatching room of Zhuhe Town Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station in Jianli County, there were 6,440 hatching eggs at a time, with a fertilization rate of 93.1% and a hatching rate of 95.04%.
4, adaptability and viability
Jingjiang duck has wide adaptability, is good at grazing, has strong ability to resist cold and heat, and the egg production rate in summer can be kept above 70%. In winter, it can still sneak into deep water for food.
In 2001, there were 2242 brooding ducks in the individual duck farm of Bailuo Town, Jianli County. Under the conditions of grazing, the survival rate at 30 days was 94.88%, and the survival rate at 60 days was 87.74%.
According to the determination of the grazing power of 500 adult ducks fed to the duck trade site of the Jinghe commune in Jianli County in 1982, the ducks rushed to grazing in the 3 acres of paddy fields for 1 hour and immediately slaughtered 4 of them and took their esophagus to enlarge. The contents of the Ministry and the contents of the glandular stomach were measured. On average, each duck was fed 120.8 grams, including 1214 grains, 130.5 grains of pebbles, 511.5 grains of medlar, and 397.5 pieces of small field snails. It can be seen that Jingjiang duck has strong foraging power under grazing conditions.
5, slaughter rate
According to the results of the slaughter of 5 ducks and 10 female ducks aged 6 months in Jianli County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station in 1982, the average weight of duck before slaughter was 1398.2 grams, and the mother duck was 1206.60 grams; 79.68% for the mother duck and 79.93% for the mother duck; 72.22% for the net slaughter slaughter duck and 72.25% for the mother duck.
VI. Evaluation and Prospect
Jingjiang duck is one of the province's excellent egg-type local ducks. It has the characteristics of early sexual maturity, strong foraging ability, and low body production. However, due to the blind introduction of crossbreeding in recent years, varieties have been mixed and the quantity and quality have declined. After China's accession to the WTO, the waterfowl industry is one of our major industries. To protect our country's species resources, maintain the diversity of our country's species resources, and effectively conserve, use, and improve Jingjiangya, a thoroughbred species resource, it should be in Jianli County. The central production area establishes the breeding base of the Jingjiang duck breed, delimits the protected area for improved breeds, and selects jute or matted ducks with green maternal ducks and green heads as the core group from the duck group to select at least 250 eggs. Education, to further improve the production performance, the direction of egg-type development, Jingjiang duck this century after a good local breed, for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry economy, and then make new contributions.
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