Sesame is a traditional crop plant with low mechanization, high production costs and relatively low returns. In order to solve the above-mentioned production problems, in recent years, the sesame industry technology system has carried out research and development of sesame no-tillage direct seeding, high-efficiency cultivation, integrated pest control and segmentation machinery harvesting, and through the integration and demonstration of technology, a mature sesame no-till live broadcast has been formed. Mechanical planting technology model.
First, no-till live broadcast technical points:
1. Preparation before sowing: When the wheat is harvested, the height of stubble is less than 20cm, which is beneficial to sesame sowing and seedling growth.
2, suitable for sowing: after the wheat harvest is suitable, early sowing; lack of sensation, irrigation and sowing.
3. Seeding method: mechanical striping, wide and narrow row spacing 50/30cm, seeding depth 3-5cm, mu seeding amount 0.3-0.4 kg; if multi-purpose seeder is used, 10-15 kg compound fertilizer can be applied to each base at the same time. Sowing and fertilizing once completed.
4. Reasonable close planting: The density of high-fertilizer water is 1.0-1.2 million per mu, and the average field is 1.2-1.5 million per acre. For each 5-day planting period, the density per acre is increased by 2000.
Second, the key points of efficient cultivation techniques:
1, and time seedlings, seedlings: after the emergence of summer sesame seeds, 2 pairs of true leaves, 4 pairs of true leaves;
2, chemical weeding: after sowing, 72% Duer 0.1-0.2 liter / acre evenly spray soil surface; or 12 days after emergence, with 12.5% ​​cover grass can 40 ml / acre spray 3, scientific fertilization: early flowering period Urea 8-10 kg / mu; (4) Mechanical cultivating: small mechanical weeding, cultivating loose soil in the seedling stage.
Third, the comprehensive prevention and control technology points of efficient pests and diseases:
1. Adopting crop rotation or intercropping planting mode to reduce the occurrence of diseases.
2, the selection of disease-resistant varieties, reasonable close planting. The planting density of wheat cultivars in the main producing areas of Huanghuai is 1.5-2.0 million plants/mu.
3, deep ploughing loose soil, reasonable fertilization. Mainly based on the base fertilizer, it can be applied with organic fertilizer such as decomposed cow dung; lightly chasing urea 5-10 kg/mu, supplemented with phosphorus and potassium foliar fertilizer.
4. Prevention and control of pests in time: In the seedling stage, the control of small tigers can be mixed with phosgen and other wheat bran or cake powder, and bait poisoning; beet armyworm, sesame moth and blind cockroach can use 50% sulphur Phosphoric emulsifiable concentrate is added with 1000 times solution such as 2.5% deltamethrin to spray pre-male larvae.
5, prevention of disease, prevention and treatment. Seed dressing before sowing (use 50% carbendazim with 0.2% seed weight or seed dressing with 0.15 % seed weight of 25 g/L.). In the early stage of the disease, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times solution, 25% azoxystrobin 1500 times solution to control blight and stem blight, and treat multiple fungal leaves. Department of disease; spraying 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate 4000 times solution, 20% Longke bacteria 500 times solution to prevent bacterial angular leaf spot; spraying 58% of metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid to control the disease; Spray 20% triadimefon 1200 times or 40% flusilazole (Fuxing) emulsifiable concentrate 8000 times to prevent powdery mildew.
Fourth, the mechanical harvesting technology points:
After the sesame is mature, it is harvested and baled by a harvesting baler; after drying, it is mechanically threshed into the warehouse.
This technology is mainly applicable to sesame growing areas such as Huanghuai and Jianghuai.
Precautions:
(1) There are many weeds in the weeds, which are not suitable for no-till live broadcast.
(2) In areas where drought and waterlogging occur frequently, pay attention to grievances before sowing, and sow when rushing.
(3) No-till land, disease-resistant and high-yield sesame varieties should be selected for no-till live land.
(4) Strengthen the field management of seedling stage and flowering period to avoid the occurrence of sesame falling flowers, lodging, disease and waterlogging, etc., affecting the final yield and mechanical harvest.
(5) In the process of disease prevention and control, it is strictly forbidden to use high-toxic, high-residue, high-pollution chemical pesticides, prohibiting frequent and excessive use of pesticides, avoiding problems such as ecological environment damage and excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products.
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