Xixi Pomelo is a perennial evergreen fruit tree with good seed quality. In mountainous areas, sloping fields, mountains, ridge fields, and Pingyang fields, especially in Pinghe County, everywhere is not green and green. The Ximi Pomelo has been planted in Pinghe County with an area of ​​450,000 mu, with a total output of 600,000 tons. It has created numerous wealth for Pinghe, and its characteristics of high yield and stable production are rare in the fruit growing industry. However, the true high yield and stable production of orchards is still only half, excessive fertilization, improper fertilization, fertilizer use efficiency is one of the main reasons, only through soil fertilization, in order to achieve high yield stability results.
I. Soil properties
The main types of soils in the Ximei Pomelo Orchard include: 7 types of gray soil, terra cotta, red soil, red soil, etc. Differently, the effect of different soil texture on fertilization has the greatest impact, and classification by texture makes it easier for fruit growers to distinguish, understand, and grasp. Therefore, the orchard soil is divided into three types according to different textures: namely, sandy soil, silty soil, Muddy soil, the specific characteristics are as follows:
1. Sandy soil: good aeration of the soil, poor water retention and fertilizer retention, low soil organic matter content (soil organic matter content)
2. Silty sandy soil: better soil aeration, better retention of water and fertility, lower soil organic matter content (soil organic content between 1.0% and 1.5%), and acidic soil (pH 4.5 to 5 .5) The soil fertility is normal.
3. Muddy soil: Soil has general aeration, good water retention and fertilizer retention, medium organic matter content (soil organic matter content from 1.5% to 2.5%), and soil acidity (pH value from 4.0 to 5.5) Soil fertility is better.
Second, fertilization
The Ximei Pomelo is a perennial fruit tree with a large canopy. The yield per plant of high-yield fruit trees can exceed 500 kilograms, and the average yield of adult fruit trees (8 to 5 years old) can reach 50 to 100 kilograms per year. To trim the canopy, cut a large number of branches, otherwise there are more nutrients taken from the fruit and branches, so the supplement of a sufficient amount of various nutrients is a necessary guarantee for high yield and stability of fruit trees. Different types of trees, different yields, and different types of soil, the reasonable amount of fertilization varies.
In the orchards with 50-100 kg per plant and adult tree age (8-15 years), the recommended fertilization method is to use pure N1.5 kg per year, pure P20, 0.9 kg, and pure K201.5 kg. The application ratio N: P70s: K20=1:0.6:1. The proportion of various fertilizers used in each period is: nitrogen fertilizer winter fertilizer: promote flower fat: Baohuabao fruit fertilizer: strong fruit fertilizer 20%: 15%: 15%: 40%; P fertilizer winter fertilizer: promote flower fat: keep flowers Fertilizer: Strong Fruit Fertilizer 2 50%: 0: 15%: 35%; Potassium Fertilizer: Fertility Fertilizer: Baohuabao Fruit Fertilizer: Strong Fruit Fertilizer 2 30%: 10%: 10%:50%. Winter fertilizer is applied every year from November to December. The application time is adjusted according to the different fruit-harvesting period (from September to December); the application of flower-fertilizer is applied in the second or third month of the following year. The altitude of the orchard is different from the effective accumulated temperature of the year. Adjustment; Baohuabao fruit fertilizer in the application of 4-5 months the following year, mainly to see the nutrient status of the crown and the number of flowers and fruits to determine the amount and variety of fertilization; strong fruit fertilizer in the application of 6-9 months, mainly to see the crown Nutritional status and soil fertility to determine the amount of adjustment. Different soil types have different fertilizing and fertility abilities. The following three fertilization methods for soil types are recommended.
1. Sandy soil: Because of poor soil fertility and fertilizer retention, it is necessary to pay attention to the total amount of fertilization and a small number of methods during fertilization. The specific fertilization method is: nitrogen fertilizer N 0.5 kg pure once to promote pure flower fertilizer N0.2 kg once, keep the fruit pure fertilizer NO. 3 kg, divided into two fertilization, strong fruit fertilizer N0.75 kg, divided into 3 times; P fertilizer winter fertilizer P20, 0.5 kg once, Bao Hua Bao fruit fertilizer P20, 0.15 kg, divided into two applications, Strong fruit fertilizer P20, 0.4 kg, divided into 3 applications; K fertilizer winter K: 00.5 kg once, to promote flower fertilizer K, 00.25 kg once, Bao Hua Bao fruit fertilizer K, 00.25 kg, divided into two Sub-fertilization, strong fruit fertilizer K200.75 kg, divided into three applications, sandy soil should pay special attention to the use of organic fertilizers to improve the soil.
2. Silty sandy soil: The soil fertility is slightly better, and the water retention and fertilizer retention ability are slightly stronger. When using fertilizer, the amount of winter fertilizer and the number of times of application of strong fruit fertilizer can be increased. The total amount of fertilization is appropriate. The specific recommended fertilization method is: nitrogen fertilizer is pure winter fertilizer. N0.6 kg once, to promote flower fertilizer N0.15 kg once, Bao Huabao fruit fertilizer N0.15 kg once, strong fruit pure N0.6 kg, divided into two applications; P fertilizer winter fertilizer P20, 0.45 kg Once, Baohuabao fruit fertilizer P = O, 0.1 kg once, strong fruit fertilizer P, O, 0.35 kg, divided into two applications; potassium fertilizer K700.5 kg once, to promote flower fat K ~ 00.15 Kg once, Baohuabao K200.15 kg once fruit fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer Ka00.75 kg, divided into two applications, silty soil should be combined with the application of organic fertilizer to improve fruit quality.
3. Muddy soil: The soil fertility is better, and the water retention and fertilizer retention ability is stronger. When applying fertilizer, reasonable fertilization can be applied according to the physiological needs of honey pomelo, and the total fertilization amount should be appropriately reduced. The specific recommended fertilization method is: nitrogen fertilizer winter fertilizer pure N0 .5 kilograms once, to promote pure N 0.1 kg of fertilizer once, keep the fruit fertilizer pure NO. 1 kg once, strong fruit pure N0.5 kg once or twice; phosphorus fertilizer winter P2 ~, 0.35 kg once, Bao Hua Bao fruit fertilizer P, O, 0.1 kg once, strong fruit fertilizer P20, 0 .3 kg once; Potassium winter fertilizer K200.5 kg once, to promote flower fertilizer K, 00.1 kg once, Bao Hua Bao fruit fertilizer K, 00.1 kg once, strong fruit fertilizer K, O 0.5 kg, once or twice.
The above recommended fertilization method is based on adult fruit trees with a yield of 50-100 kilograms per plant. The fertilizing amount should be increased appropriately for fruit trees with higher yield per plant, and the fruit trees that are not put into production or with low yields and with small crowns should be reduced. Fertilizer consumption, deep soil cultivation can also be appropriate to reduce the amount of fertilizer, on the contrary, the amount should be increased, and divided into multiple applications. As the orchard soil is acidic and acidic, combining 5-10 kg/plant lime with winter fertilizer every 1-3 years can increase the utilization rate of fertilizer and at the same time can save fertilizer, so as to achieve the effect of high yield and stable production.
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