Hetero-bone processing, less equipment investment, and simple technology are suitable for production by township and township enterprises and farmers. Hetero-bone is rich in oil, glue and nitrogen, phosphorus, amino acid and other chemical components, so bone products are widely used in processing, and they are very popular in domestic and foreign markets. Its processing method is as follows.
(A) The bone oil is the main raw material for the production of stearic acid, oleic acid, soap, soap, glycerin and other industrial products. Livestock contains about 10% fat. With the method of extraction, the oil yield is also different.
1. The boiled method is to wash the fresh bones of the animal and put it into a pot of 2 cm in size to cook. The water temperature in the pot is kept at about 70-80°C, and the oil is heated for 3 to 4 hours to cool the surface of the oil. Removal of water is bone oil. In order to avoid dissolution of bone glue, the heating time should not be too long. It is best to put broken bones in bamboo baskets and put them into boiling water. After 3 to 4 hours, remove the bones and baskets. This method can only extract about 50% of the oil contained in the bone.
2. The steam method will put the washed and crushed bone into a closed can, and steam is added to make the temperature reach 105-110°C. After heating for 30-60 minutes, most of the oil and bone glue dissolve into the steam condensate. The oil and water are taken out of the sealed tank and then steam is added to dissolve the remaining oil and glue. This is repeated several times (about 10 hours), and most of the oil and glue in the bones are eluted. Finally, the entire oil and glue are pooled and placed on heating to separate the oil gel.
3. Refined oil The dried bone pieces are placed in a sealed tank, a solvent such as light gasoline is added, and the oil is dissolved in a solvent by heating, and then the solvent is volatilized and returned to broken bones. This cycle extraction, so that the oil separation.
(b) The bone-building powder and bone powder is a product obtained by pulverizing the waste residue after the bone glue is extracted, and can be used as a fertilizer to make the crop resistant to lodging; as a feed, calcium and phosphorus can be increased, and the growth and development of livestock and poultry can be promoted. Bone meal is also the main raw material for phosphate and calcium hydrogen phosphate.
Bone meal can be divided into coarse bone meal, steamed bone meal, and bone dregs after glue preparation. According to different uses, it can be divided into bone powder for feed and bone powder for fertilizer.
1. Crude bone meal is first crushed, and the bones are pressed into small pieces, placed in a pot and boiled for about 5 hours to remove the fat contained in the bones, then dried, drained, dried, and dried. In a room or drying oven, drying is performed at a temperature of 100 to 140° C. for 10 to 12 hours and finally comminuted. The pulverizer is used to pulverize the dried small bone into a powder, which is a finished product. The composition of the finished product differs depending on the quality of the raw material. To cite only one example for reference, protein 23%, fat 3%, calcium phosphate 48%, crude fiber 2% or less.
2. Steamed bone meal uses steamed extraction of bone oil as a raw material. Place the bone in a sealed tank, pass steam, and heat at a temperature of 105 to 110°C. The oil is drained once every hour to remove most of the fat from the bone, and a portion of the protein is decomposed to become a glue, which can be used as a raw material for making glue. The bone slag after cooking grease and glue will be steamed and steamed into bone powder after drying and smashing. The bone meal has less protein content than the crude bone meal, but its color is white and easy to digest, and there is no special smell.
3. Protein Bone Meal Protein Bone meal is a product made of high-temperature, degreased and crushed bones. When one-third of the animal skin is added, the finished product is meat and bone meal. Protein bone meal contains crude protein 24% to 27%, meat and bone meal contains crude protein 45% to 50%, calcium and phosphorus content is also high. Can replace fishmeal in compound feed, but its cost is less than 1/3 of fishmeal.
(3) The bone paste can be used to prepare a variety of meat products. It is widely used in dumplings, dumplings, patties, meatballs, canned foods, and sausages. It is very popular with consumers. The economic value is considerable.
The bone paste method: fresh, bone marrow and more bones such as ribs, spine frozen, cut into 2 to 4 cm pieces. After two-layer shredder, it was chopped twice to become 0.3 cm pieces; then it was crushed into bone paste by ultrafine grinding. For processing cattle bones, large choppers and high-performance choppers are used. For chicken bones, since it is generally frozen with containers or ice cubes, it is necessary to add a planer, to smash and smash the frozen pieces like a slicing machine, and to make a bone paste after one smash.
(D) Bone-making carbon charcoal can be used as a variety of liquid detergents, decontaminants and adsorbents, in the industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural and sideline products have a variety of uses, can be used as a substitute for activated carbon. Bone charcoal can be used after the bone glue, peptone residue, washed with water, crushed into the size of the seeds, the hard bones of livestock treated with lime milk as raw materials, by mechanical retorting or kiln burning activated carbon method, heating dry distillation, carbonization After the ceasefire, it is cooled and crushed, and the bone charcoal is established. After passing inspection and packaging.
(5) Phosphorus fertilizer
1. Degreasing will put the animal bone into a sealed canister, pass steam, heat and degrease at 105-110°C, release oil once every 1 hour, remove grease from the bone, and at the same time decompose part of the protein into glue solution. Make glue. After cooking, the bone dregs after removing grease and glue are washed with water for 2 to 3 times to remove the attached grease and debris. Finally, the residual fat is dissolved with gasoline, and the dry powder is steamed to make bones, which can be directly used as phosphate fertilizer.
2. The acid leaching will put the bone powder in the acid-proof tank and dilute it with dilute hydrochloric acid. The acid concentration will change with the seasons. In winter it is 6%-7%, in summer it is 4.5%-5.3%. Fresh acid is used for dipping first. Bone, soaked in acid and new bone. Acid leaching usually takes 10 to 15 days until the acid concentration reaches 16 to 20 Baume degrees.
3. The decolorized and acid-leached bone glue solution was filtered and the impurities were removed. The filtrate was decolorized by adding 0.5% of activated carbon to the solution, and then filtered. Reactivate active carbon recovery.
4. Neutralization and decolorization of the liquid heated to 40 ~ 60 °C, under stirring, slowly adding 100 mesh sieve of lime slurry and pH value of 5, isolated by filtration to obtain crude calcium hydrogen phosphate.
(A) The bone oil is the main raw material for the production of stearic acid, oleic acid, soap, soap, glycerin and other industrial products. Livestock contains about 10% fat. With the method of extraction, the oil yield is also different.
1. The boiled method is to wash the fresh bones of the animal and put it into a pot of 2 cm in size to cook. The water temperature in the pot is kept at about 70-80°C, and the oil is heated for 3 to 4 hours to cool the surface of the oil. Removal of water is bone oil. In order to avoid dissolution of bone glue, the heating time should not be too long. It is best to put broken bones in bamboo baskets and put them into boiling water. After 3 to 4 hours, remove the bones and baskets. This method can only extract about 50% of the oil contained in the bone.
2. The steam method will put the washed and crushed bone into a closed can, and steam is added to make the temperature reach 105-110°C. After heating for 30-60 minutes, most of the oil and bone glue dissolve into the steam condensate. The oil and water are taken out of the sealed tank and then steam is added to dissolve the remaining oil and glue. This is repeated several times (about 10 hours), and most of the oil and glue in the bones are eluted. Finally, the entire oil and glue are pooled and placed on heating to separate the oil gel.
3. Refined oil The dried bone pieces are placed in a sealed tank, a solvent such as light gasoline is added, and the oil is dissolved in a solvent by heating, and then the solvent is volatilized and returned to broken bones. This cycle extraction, so that the oil separation.
(b) The bone-building powder and bone powder is a product obtained by pulverizing the waste residue after the bone glue is extracted, and can be used as a fertilizer to make the crop resistant to lodging; as a feed, calcium and phosphorus can be increased, and the growth and development of livestock and poultry can be promoted. Bone meal is also the main raw material for phosphate and calcium hydrogen phosphate.
Bone meal can be divided into coarse bone meal, steamed bone meal, and bone dregs after glue preparation. According to different uses, it can be divided into bone powder for feed and bone powder for fertilizer.
1. Crude bone meal is first crushed, and the bones are pressed into small pieces, placed in a pot and boiled for about 5 hours to remove the fat contained in the bones, then dried, drained, dried, and dried. In a room or drying oven, drying is performed at a temperature of 100 to 140° C. for 10 to 12 hours and finally comminuted. The pulverizer is used to pulverize the dried small bone into a powder, which is a finished product. The composition of the finished product differs depending on the quality of the raw material. To cite only one example for reference, protein 23%, fat 3%, calcium phosphate 48%, crude fiber 2% or less.
2. Steamed bone meal uses steamed extraction of bone oil as a raw material. Place the bone in a sealed tank, pass steam, and heat at a temperature of 105 to 110°C. The oil is drained once every hour to remove most of the fat from the bone, and a portion of the protein is decomposed to become a glue, which can be used as a raw material for making glue. The bone slag after cooking grease and glue will be steamed and steamed into bone powder after drying and smashing. The bone meal has less protein content than the crude bone meal, but its color is white and easy to digest, and there is no special smell.
3. Protein Bone Meal Protein Bone meal is a product made of high-temperature, degreased and crushed bones. When one-third of the animal skin is added, the finished product is meat and bone meal. Protein bone meal contains crude protein 24% to 27%, meat and bone meal contains crude protein 45% to 50%, calcium and phosphorus content is also high. Can replace fishmeal in compound feed, but its cost is less than 1/3 of fishmeal.
(3) The bone paste can be used to prepare a variety of meat products. It is widely used in dumplings, dumplings, patties, meatballs, canned foods, and sausages. It is very popular with consumers. The economic value is considerable.
The bone paste method: fresh, bone marrow and more bones such as ribs, spine frozen, cut into 2 to 4 cm pieces. After two-layer shredder, it was chopped twice to become 0.3 cm pieces; then it was crushed into bone paste by ultrafine grinding. For processing cattle bones, large choppers and high-performance choppers are used. For chicken bones, since it is generally frozen with containers or ice cubes, it is necessary to add a planer, to smash and smash the frozen pieces like a slicing machine, and to make a bone paste after one smash.
(D) Bone-making carbon charcoal can be used as a variety of liquid detergents, decontaminants and adsorbents, in the industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural and sideline products have a variety of uses, can be used as a substitute for activated carbon. Bone charcoal can be used after the bone glue, peptone residue, washed with water, crushed into the size of the seeds, the hard bones of livestock treated with lime milk as raw materials, by mechanical retorting or kiln burning activated carbon method, heating dry distillation, carbonization After the ceasefire, it is cooled and crushed, and the bone charcoal is established. After passing inspection and packaging.
(5) Phosphorus fertilizer
1. Degreasing will put the animal bone into a sealed canister, pass steam, heat and degrease at 105-110°C, release oil once every 1 hour, remove grease from the bone, and at the same time decompose part of the protein into glue solution. Make glue. After cooking, the bone dregs after removing grease and glue are washed with water for 2 to 3 times to remove the attached grease and debris. Finally, the residual fat is dissolved with gasoline, and the dry powder is steamed to make bones, which can be directly used as phosphate fertilizer.
2. The acid leaching will put the bone powder in the acid-proof tank and dilute it with dilute hydrochloric acid. The acid concentration will change with the seasons. In winter it is 6%-7%, in summer it is 4.5%-5.3%. Fresh acid is used for dipping first. Bone, soaked in acid and new bone. Acid leaching usually takes 10 to 15 days until the acid concentration reaches 16 to 20 Baume degrees.
3. The decolorized and acid-leached bone glue solution was filtered and the impurities were removed. The filtrate was decolorized by adding 0.5% of activated carbon to the solution, and then filtered. Reactivate active carbon recovery.
4. Neutralization and decolorization of the liquid heated to 40 ~ 60 °C, under stirring, slowly adding 100 mesh sieve of lime slurry and pH value of 5, isolated by filtration to obtain crude calcium hydrogen phosphate.
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