1. Temperature: The pig's own ability to regulate body temperature is poor. Only a few sweat glands can be adjusted on a hot day, and only a few hairs can withstand the cold in winter. Therefore, the pig house must have a good thermal insulation effect, only the temperature is suitable, so that the pig feels comfortable, in order to obtain high production performance. Under high temperature conditions, body heat balance breaks down, body temperature rises, endocrine function weakens, and oxidation in the body strengthens, causing metabolites to accumulate in the body and detoxification in the liver weakens; in addition, high temperatures can cause cardiovascular system overload, failure, and body temperature increase. High denaturation of the central nervous system and other important organ proteins causes coma and eventually failure. Too cold can cause decreased resistance of the respiratory system and digestive system, causing respiratory diseases and diseases such as enteritis and diarrhea. Low temperature is also an environmental cause of arthritis and other diseases. Therefore, too high or too high a temperature will cause the pig to have an emergency response, resulting in adverse consequences. The optimum temperature for the growth of hogs is: 16–22°C (minimum 14°C) before weighing 60kg, 14–20°C (minimum 4°C) when weighing 60-90kg, and 12-16°C (weighting 90 kg or more) (minimum 10) °C). Or you can use the formula to calculate the suitable ambient temperature for a certain weight of the pig:
T=-0.06W+26 where T----the most suitable ambient temperature
w---weight of pig (kg)
When the ambient temperature is higher than 30 °C, measures should be taken to reduce the temperature, open the vertical exhaust system, spray cold water or feed green and juicy feed.
2. Humidity: The effect of humidity on pigs mainly affects the productivity and health of pigs by affecting the body's body heat regulation. It is the result of interactions with temperature, airflow, and radiation. Humidity has little effect on the productivity and health of pigs under suitable humidity. Excessively high air humidity will increase the rate of subtle sedimentation in the air, which will reduce the incidence of cough and pneumonia. However, high humidity is conducive to the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites. It is prone to diseases such as phlegm, eczema, etc. In addition, high humidity often causes feed to moldy grass and mold, resulting in loss. The air humidity in the pig house is too low, which can easily lead to chapped skin and exposed mucous membranes, reducing its defense capacity and making the respiratory tract and skin diseases more frequent. Therefore, it is recommended that the relative humidity of the pig house should be 50-70%.
3. Density: Feeding large groups of fattening pigs and eating in the same tank can increase appetite, promote growth, make effective use of housing and equipment conditions, and increase labor productivity. However, if the grouping is irrational, it will affect the weight gain of pigs due to biting frames and competing for food. When grouping, pigs with the same source, close weight, strength, and temperament are generally fed in groups. The number of pigs per group should not be too large, depending on the size of the pen and the stocking density. It has been proved that the required area for each finishing pig of 15-60kg for finishing pigs is 0.6-1.0?, that for finishing pigs with more than 60kg is 1.0-1.2? on each head, and that for every two finishing pigs is 20-30cm long. The number of heads per circle is preferably 10-20. However, the specific number may vary according to different environmental conditions. In northern China, due to the low average temperature and dry climate, the breeding density can be appropriately increased. In the south, the summer temperatures are high and the humidity is high, then the rearing density should be appropriately reduced.
4. Ventilation and ventilation: Intensive, high-density rearing pigs need to be ventilated and ventilated all year round. Ventilation can eliminate excess water vapor in the piggery, reduce humidity in the house, and prevent condensation on the inner surface of the envelope structure. Remove airborne dust, microorganisms, toxic and harmful gases (such as NH3, H2S, CO2, etc.) and improve the air quality of the pig house. Therefore, the piggery needs to be ventilated in any season. In particular, the doors and windows are often closed to prevent the cold in the winter season, which results in deterioration of the humidity and air sanitation in the house. Attention must be paid to proper ventilation. Ventilation and insulation are contradictory during the winter season. Conditional companies can use the temperature of the pigs to control the amount of ventilation under the condition of temperature supply; in order to reduce costs, it is necessary to ensure that the ambient temperature of the pig house is basically met. Ventilation measures are taken, but in the winter it is absolutely necessary to prevent the emergence of “thievesâ€. The airflow in the pig house should be 0.1-0.2m/s, and the maximum should not exceed 0.25m/s.
5. Proper solar light can enhance the body's metabolic processes and improve the disease resistance of pigs. However, excessive light may cause pigs' excitement, reduce rest time, increase thyroid secretion, increase metabolic rate, affect weight gain and feed conversion rate. The light in the fattening barn can be dim, as long as it is convenient for pigs to eat and feed, and the pigs can be fully rested.
6. Noise The noise from the piggery comes from the outside world, where machinery and pigs fight. Noise will increase the pig's activity and affect weight gain. It will also cause pigs to panic and reduce appetite. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid sudden noise. The noise intensity should not exceed 85dB. Beautiful and beautiful music can excite nerves, stimulate appetite, and increase metabolism, just as people listen to music. Conditional pig farms can properly put some light music, which is beneficial to the growth of pigs.
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