Forage cultivation is different from growing grain. For the purpose of harvesting the stems and leaves of plants, pasture cultivation has complex technical requirements. In view of the variety of forage grasses and the differences in natural conditions in various regions, from the needs of sheep raising and dairy farming, the key technologies for pasture cultivation are as follows.
I. Collocation of grass seeds and varieties
The grass species and varieties planted are determined from the point of view of the balance between the nutritional needs of livestock and the seasonal supply of pasture. Legumes are usually rich in protein, and should be combined with grasses that provide energy; warm-season forages and cold-season forages should be used to make full use of the light and hot water resources in different growing seasons; the same grass species, early, middle, The collocation of late varieties can extend the harvest time of pasture and improve the utilization of machinery.
Second, sowing time
Most of northern China is planted in spring and summer, and the principle of pasture safely can be used for winter.
Third, water and fertilizer management
High-yield and high-quality are often the goals pursued by pasture growers. There are no shortage of high-yield and high-quality grass species and varieties in pasture and feed crops. The U.S. study reported that the maximum yield of hay per mu reached more than 3 tons. Green-feeding corn, hybrid Pennisetum (also known as Wangcao, Emperor bamboo grass) fresh grass production up to 10 tons. In order to obtain high quality and high production, it is usually necessary to have a good supply of water and fertilizer, plus scientific management. It usually produces 1 kilogram of hay, which requires 400-800 kilograms of water (from rainfall or irrigation). Fertilization, with sufficient organic fertilizer is the most ideal, that is economical and environmentally friendly, is one of the necessary conditions for the production of organic feed and organic food. The use of chemical fertilizers is also a common measure. Gracilaria pastures use nitrogen (urea, ammonium bicarbonate, etc.) as the main, and legumes use phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (superphosphate, heavy calcium, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, etc.). Plant leguminous plants should be inoculated with Rhizobium in order to improve the ability of biological nitrogen fixation.
IV. Harvest time of pasture
The ultimate goal of grass is to feed more livestock by converting more quality livestock products, so timely harvesting of pasture is critical. Usually taking into account the yield and quality of harvested pasture, the first crop of leguminous herbage should be harvested from flower buds to the early flowering stage, and grass crops should be harvested from the end of the panicle to the beginning of earing, and silage corn should be harvested at the waxing stage.
Fifth, the mixed broadcasting technology of pasture
Establishing mixed-sowing grassland in grassland areas or in semi-agricultural and pastoral areas with abundant land resources and farming areas is an important measure to reduce the cost of raising sheep and maintain the health status of herds.
The basic principle of mixed broadcasting: First, the compatibility of the mixed sowed grass species and varieties in the growth process, the mixed sowing grass species and varieties are generally 3-5; the second is to protect the needs of livestock security and healthy growth, general mixed grassland grass Herbage accounts for 70% - 80%, Legume forage accounts for 20% - 30%; Third, pasture resistance and long-lasting nature, mostly using rhizome or stolons forage. In the grassland area in the north, the commonly used mixed sowing grass species are grasshoppers, sandgrass, icegrass, chinensis, and bromegrass.
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