The solubility of water-soluble fertilizers is good, easy to be absorbed by crops, and the nutrient efficiency is high, which meets the requirements for facility production standardization, precision, and water saving. However, fertilizer users tend to focus on the operation and use of irrigation systems, while ignoring the use of water-soluble fertilizers themselves as fertilizers. The formulation here refers not only to the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also factors such as soil, crops, water, and its chemical properties, as well as rational arrangement of species, quantity, and timing of application.
Water soluble fertilizer application must be controlled precisely
Many studies have shown that there is a close relationship between the nutrient concentration of the root soil solution and the growth and yield of the crop, so as to maintain the nutrient concentration of the root soil solution and ensure the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the crop. Water-soluble fertilizers are generally composed of readily soluble fertilizers (such as calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate), and nutrient content is higher than that of general compound fertilizers. After entering the soil with water, it can quickly increase the concentration of soil solution nutrients and promote crop absorption. However, at the same time, the ion exchange reaction in soil is also accelerated. Therefore, the use of water-soluble fertilizers is more complicated than other fertilizers and must be controlled precisely. If it cannot be scientifically applied, it will cause secondary salinization of the soil or nutrient antagonism, affecting crop growth. For example, there has been a phenomenon that the occurrence of umbilical rot occurs due to an excessive application of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, resulting in insufficient absorption of calcium, magnesium, and the like in tomatoes and the like.
Applied according to soil conditions
Different soil pH, should choose the appropriate physiological acid or alkaline fertilizer and neutralization. Acidic soils use physiological alkaline water-soluble fertilizers such as sodium nitrate to neutralize acidity; alkaline soils use physiological acid fertilizers such as potassium sulfate to neutralize alkalinity.
Poorly structured soils (sand-soil, thin-bed soil, or viscous soil) reduce the use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers. Because the fertilizer is easily lost with water or due to denitrification caused by waterlogging, if it is to be used, it should be based on decomposed organic fertilizer. For salinized soils, high-concentration water-soluble fertilizers should be used with caution and neutral medium-low-concentration water-soluble fertilizers should be used.
Different crops, different formulations
Since water-soluble fertilizers are easily absorbed, after applying water-soluble fertilizers, the crops will correspondingly reduce the use of soil nutrients. Therefore, it has a greater impact on crop growth than other fertilizers, and the requirements for the amount, proportion, timing, and demand for crop water and fertilizer are more consistent. high. Therefore, it should be applied according to the law of vegetable fertilizer requirements.
â— Variables need fat type
Such as watermelon, broccoli, cabbage, radish, etc., such vegetables have a long growth period but a short harvest period. The early period is mainly the growth of stems and leaves, the small amount of growth, the need for a small amount of fertilizer, plant growth in the middle and late periods, the need for large amounts of fertilizer.
Such crops are suitable for the use of low-concentration nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in the early stage, so as to avoid plant growth due to excess nitrogen fertilizer. In the late growth stage, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were gradually increased, and high nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were used. For example, a kind of fruit crop such as sweet melon can also be supplemented with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer.
â— stable fat type
This type of vegetables are mostly indefinitely growing fruit vegetables. The growth period and the harvest period are longer, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. This type of vegetable should ensure that the root system develops well and the healthy plants are cultivated. Maintain a long-lasting fertilizer effect during harvest and maintain long-term plant growth.
In the early growth stage, low-level N and K fertilizers are used to stabilize plant growth. The use of high concentrations of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers after fruit set, after entering the harvest period, the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary water-soluble fertilizer to ensure the crop needs.
â— Early-onset fat type
Such vegetables include leafy vegetables such as garland chrysanthemum and rapeseed. Fertility period is short, and the total amount of fertilizer needs is small. These vegetables like nitrogen, water-soluble fertilizer mainly nitrogenous fertilizers. In areas with higher nitrogen content, low-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizers should be used to control the amount of nitrate in the plant. The number of dressings is usually 2-3 times.
In addition, the amount of water-soluble fertilizer should be based on leaf nutrient diagnosis, that is, lack of supplementation. In the lack of nutrients, nitrogen-, phosphorus-, and potassium-based water-soluble fertilizers are used; when the basal fertilizers are used abundantly or where the fertility is high, water-soluble fertilizers mainly composed of trace elements are used.
There are three aspects of moisture impact
First, the amount of water, for example, after the watermelon enters maturity, it is necessary to control watering, and at the same time reduce the amount of water-soluble fertilizer. If the watering happens, cracking occurs.
The second is the reaction of ions with water-soluble fertilizers in the water, and sedimentation clogging the dripper occurs. Ground water hardness in Beijing is relatively high, calcium and magnesium content is high, and it is easy for phosphate ions and sulfate ions in water-soluble fertilizers to form precipitates.
Third, the concentration of water-soluble fertilizer is too high, causing damage to some crops. Therefore, both the water-soluble fertilizer and the irrigation water must form a mutual supporting relationship, and it is necessary to ensure that the root system is moist and reduce the leaching loss.
Currently, there are three types of water-soluble fertilizer products used in the market. The first is fertilization and fertilization; the second is drip irrigation or microspray fertilizer; and the third is foliar fertilizer. Each water-soluble fertilizer has a difference in the amount of water. The drip irrigation fertilizer has a long time of watering and has a small intensity; the water intensity of the drip irrigation and fertilization is large, but the time is short. Foliar fertilizers need to control the concentration. The amount of fertilizer used for irrigation is controlled at a rate of 5-10 kilograms per mu, and 20 cm of wetted soil is appropriate.
Keeping balance between nutrients
When different water-soluble fertilizers are mixed, pay attention to the composition of their raw materials and pay attention to maintaining the balance between nutrient elements. For example, the nitrate nitrogen source is a physiological alkaline salt such as calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and the like. At high pH values, trace elements such as iron, manganese, and magnesium may precipitate and reduce their effectiveness. In short, if we want to maximize the advantages of water-soluble fertilizer, we must comprehensively consider the spatial consistency and time synchronization of water-soluble fertilizers and crops, soil, and water, and formulate corresponding fertilizing formulas and irrigation plans.
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Water soluble fertilizer authenticity identification
With the fall of fertilizer demand in autumn, fertilizer winter storage market has entered the main use of fertilizer facilities, water-soluble fertilizer is also about to enter the relative buying season.
Nowadays, there are many brands of water-soluble fertilizers on the market, and the quality is also mixed. Farmers do not know which one to buy when they buy fertilizer. Today, we will come to popularize the identification of water-soluble fertilizers to help people make rational analysis at the time of purchase.
Look at the nutrient content of each element on the package
A large number of elements of water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium as the main component, add moderate amount of elements or trace elements of liquid or solid water-soluble fertilizer.
â— A large number of element standards
According to the standards of water-soluble fertilizers for a large number of elements, the single nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can not be less than 4%, and the sum of the three can not be less than 50%. If one element of a large number of elements is seen on the packaging bag, the content is less than 4%. , or the sum of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements less than 50%, indicating that such products are unqualified.
â—Middle element standard
Look at the various nutrient labels on the bags. The high-quality and large-quantity elements of water-soluble fertilizers are very clear on the identification of guaranteed ingredients (including macroelements, medium-sized elements, and trace elements), and they are all marked in a single way. This way the nutrient content is clear and the people can use it to rest assured. Non-regular plant nutrient content will generally use the sum of NPK content ≥% of the words appear. If so marked, the product is not regular.
â—Microelement standard
The content of trace elements refers to the sum of the contents of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, and molybdenum. The product should contain at least one trace element. The total trace element content can not be lower than 0.2%, and the single trace element with the content of not less than 0.05% should be included in the trace element content. The content of molybdenum element is not higher than 0.5%.
See product recipes and register crops
A large number of elements of water-soluble fertilizer is a formula fertilizer, large brands of water-soluble fertilizers generally have multiple formulas, from the seedling stage to the harvest period can find a suitable formula, if the package clearly reads the specific fertilizer for a certain crop, Relying on only 1-2 formulas to fight the world, such practices are not very reliable. The regular fertilizer registration is suitable for crops that are one or more crops, and for non-registered crops there is a need for local use experience.
See product implementation standards
We usually say full water-soluble irrigation, drip irrigation fertilizer, in fact, its product standard name is a large number of elements water soluble fertilizer, the implementation of the standard is NY1107-2010, if the package does not appear in this standard, indicating that not a large number of elements of water-soluble fertilizer . If the standard marked on the package is preceded by GB, it means that the product is not qualified. In addition, it depends on whether there is a fertilizer registration number (such as agricultural fertilizer (20) quasi-letter). If the vegetable grower has any doubt about the product, he can check the fertilizer registration number on the Internet.
See if the heavy metal content is marked
The heavy metal content of a large number of elements in water-soluble fertilizers produced by regular manufacturers is lower than the national standard, and it is clearly marked. If the fertilizer packaging bag is not marked with heavy metal content, it should be used with caution.
See fertilizer particles
The water soluble fertilizer product with good quality has uniform particles and is crystalline (the particle size is similar to that of salt). If the water-soluble fertilizer particles are of different sizes, and the large particles are similar to the compound fertilizer or urea particles, it is best not to purchase them. Http://
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