Cabbage is a vegetable with a cool and pleasant climate. It is cultivated in the autumn, and it serves the winter and spring market. It is called “Half-year cuisine†and is also a popular dish for the common people. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and the rapid development of vegetables in protected areas, fruits and vegetables have basically reached the annual supply. Therefore, the demand for Chinese cabbage in winter and spring declined, and the production area of ​​Chinese cabbage in autumn showed a decreasing trend. However, in summer and autumn, there was a certain demand for Chinese cabbage. In response to this phenomenon, relevant researchers at home and abroad have specially cultivated Chinese cabbage varieties suitable for spring and summer production to meet this demand.
Compared with autumn sowing Chinese cabbage in spring, the main problems in production are the following two aspects:
First, the climatic changes experienced during the whole growing season of spring sowing Chinese cabbage is that the temperature rises gradually from low to high, and the amount of rain varies from little to large; while the autumn sowing cabbage experiences gradual decrease in temperature from high to low, and the amount of rainfall increases from Less; the two are exactly the opposite. As far as the growth and development of Chinese cabbage itself is concerned, this change in climatic conditions in autumn is more suitable for its growth. The higher temperature and more rainfall during the seedling stage are conducive to the growth of the seedlings and the formation of a robust rosette leaf. The temperature at the late stage is reduced, and the climate is cool, which is conducive to the formation of nodules. Spring sowing Chinese cabbage, the seedling stage temperature is low and grows slowly, the temperature rises later, it is unfavorable to knot the ball. Therefore, it is necessary to select Chinese cabbage varieties suitable for spring sowing, and it is not allowed to randomly select spring sowing cabbage varieties for spring sowing.
Second, in any growth period of Chinese cabbage, if it experiences a certain period of low temperature (0 °C ~ 10 °C, about 20 days), plus long-day conditions, it will twitch and blossom. Autumn sowing Chinese Cabbage does not meet the low temperature condition until the late growth period. At this time, Chinese cabbage has already entered the ball stage, and the low temperature condition has not been met. The knot ball has been formed and the length of the sunshine has become shorter, which does not meet the requirement of bolting and flowering. Therefore, the autumn broadcast Cabbage generally does not twitch and bloom. The spring planting of large white flowers, from the seed germination to the seedling stage, the outside temperature is in line with the requirements of bolting and flowering, coupled with the long period of late sunlight, Chinese cabbage ranging from forming a knot ball that twitching and flowering.
In order to solve the above problems, we must take appropriate measures to solve the problem of unconjugated ball twitching in order to achieve the goal of getting the ball.
(I) Selection of varieties suitable for spring cultivation
In recent years, some breeding units at home and abroad have successively introduced some Chinese cabbage varieties suitable for spring planting. Foreign countries include “spring generals†and “spring and summer kingsâ€. Domestically, there are Qingdao’s “Luchunbaihao†and Henan. The "Yuchun No. 1" and so on can be selected as needed. According to the test, Tianjin's "Jinbai 56" has been successfully planted in the spring in Tianjin, and it can be used in small-scale trials. The common characteristic of these varieties is that they are strong in winter, which means that they require a long period of low temperature for bolting and flowering, and it is not easy to grow in the spring without the phenomenon of unclear bulbs.
(II) Suitable sowing
The seeding period of spring-planted Chinese cabbage is very important. Early sowing and low ambient temperature are not conducive to germination, seedling emergence, and seedling growth. The seedlings are exposed to low temperatures for a long time, which is beneficial to convulsions. The sowing was too late and the temperature was too high in the later period, which was unfavorable for the balling. Therefore, the seeding period should be strictly controlled according to the climatic conditions at that time. The principle is that 15 days before the date when the average daily temperature reaches 13°C, that is, a suitable sowing period. That is to say, after sowing, Chinese cabbage grows below 13°C for less than 15 days, so it is not easy to happen. Unknotted ball first twitches. The suitable sowing date for the Tianjin area is in the middle or late March.
(three) sowing method
1? Open ditch live film stamped
In order to improve the microclimate conditions in the field, increase the ground temperature and maintain the soil moisture, it is conducive to germination, unearthing and seedling growth of Chinese cabbage. The following methods can be used to sow:
(1) Ditching: A 15 cm deep ditch is to be plowed on a 1 meter wide raft that has been ploughed. If the soil moisture is good, you can not water; otherwise, pouring enough water in the ditch.
(2) Sprinkle the seed: sow seeds evenly in the ditch to make the seed as thin as possible. The seeding rate should be less than that for autumn sowing, but care should be taken to ensure uniform growth, so that no seedlings need to be grown before they grow to 3 to 4 leaves, and they will not affect their growth too closely. After spreading seeds, cover 1 cm thick soil in the ditch, and tap it a little.
(3) Covering the mulch: Open shallow sulcus on both sides of the rake, cover the mulch, compact it with soil, and pay attention to the tension around it, so that the Chinese cabbage is in an environment similar to a small shed.
2? Nursery transplanting
In order to avoid the adverse effects of low temperature outside, conditions can be used greenhouse nursery methods can also be used Yangshuo nursery. In the greenhouse, the temperature can be controlled manually and is less affected by the outside temperature, but it will still be affected by the outside temperature after planting. Therefore, the sowing date should be determined according to the planting period, and it should not be blindly advanced. If sowing is too early and the seedlings grow to a size that can be planted, the outside temperature is still low. After planting, it not only affects the growth, but also causes the cabbage to experience a period of low-temperature early morning bolting. Therefore, the sowing date must be strictly controlled. Under greenhouse conditions, it takes about 30 days from sowing to growing to 5 to 6 true leaves.
Yangshuo seedlings are greatly affected by the outside temperature. In addition to considering the impact of planting time on low temperature for a period of time after planting, it is also necessary to consider the influence of low temperature during the seedling cultivation of Yangshuo. These two stages are accumulated under 13°C. No more than 15 days. Yangshuo nursery, from sowing to grow to 5 to 6 true leaves. It takes about 40 days. Sowing time should be determined based on these factors.
(d) Dingling and planting
1? Dingmiao
For Chinese cabbage that grows in the ditch, after emergence, the seedlings will appear too dense after a period of growth, especially in the case of a large amount of sowing, this problem will appear earlier. Therefore, it is necessary to do one time seedlings, you can choose the sunny noon, the mulch side uncovered, the seedlings, so that the spacing of 5 cm or so, after the seedlings, the mulch still tight, compaction. When the seedlings grow to the upper leaf margin close to the film, the holes can be punched out on the membrane to prevent high temperature roast wounds at noon. After 5 days to 7 days of exhalation exercise, when the seedlings reach 5 to 6 leaves, the film can be uncovered at noon and the seedlings can be seeded. The plant spacing differs depending on the variety, generally 25 cm to 30 cm. When setting seedlings, pay attention to removing diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, and hybrid seedlings.
2? Colonization
Seedlings grown and transplanted in seedlings grow to 5 to 6 leaves, after hardening seedlings can be planted, planting density and live the same, that plant spacing 25 cm to 30 cm, each trip 2 lines.
(five) Management after planting
At the time of setting seedlings and planting, the outside air temperature is still low, and when the seedling water or planting water is poured, it is not possible to flood the water so as to avoid lowering the ground temperature. The water can be poured lightly. After 2 days to 3 days, it can be poured lightly once again, and then cultivated in the tiller to increase the temperature and promote growth.
After entering the rosette period, in addition to 150 hectares per hectare (15 acres) or urea 150 kg to 225 kg, should pay special attention to watering methods, should not be excessive seedlings, inhibit growth, so less rainfall in spring, dry weather, soil evaporation Larger. After a certain period of time after the seedlings have been planted, timely watering should be done and the work of protecting the farmland should be done.
In the period of entering the ball, the amount of growth is increased, and the amount of fertilizer required is large. Fertilizer should be applied timely. Apply about 300 kg of urea or ammonium sulfate per hectare (15 mu), and water it in time. During this period, external temperatures are constantly rising, and the occurrence of soft rot caused by high temperature and high humidity should be avoided. Therefore, special attention should be paid to watering techniques. Water can be ditched in the cooler morning or early evening, and flooding should be avoided. Normally every 2 The water is poured once a day or three days. This not only satisfies the need of water for the ball, but also reduces the temperature of the soil. At the same time, it can also avoid the prevalence of soft rot.
(6) Pest control
The seedling period of spring sowing Chinese cabbage is at low temperature and there are few pests and diseases, but it can not be completely ignored. Attention should be paid to observation. Once hidden dangers are discovered, it is necessary to prevent and cure them in time. In the late growth period, the increase in temperature is conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases. Special attention should be paid to prevention. The disease prevention and insecticide can be sprayed once every 7 days. The pesticide used is the same as that in autumn.
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