The straw remaining after the corn is harvested is the source of organic fertilizer. In the past, people used to save the straw on the spot to save time and use precious organic resources. In recent years, farmers’ friends have realized that the method of using straw to return crops not only adds potassium to crops, but also helps cultivate soil. However, more and more farmer friends recently reported that the adoption of straw to return to the field is likely to cause yellow seedling problems during the seedling stage of winter wheat crops under the crop. Li Shulin, a farmer from Xingtai, Hebei province, rolled corn stalks back to the field after planting wheat last year. There is no additional nitrogen in the base fertilizer of wheat. When the wheat returned to green in March of this year, the wheat seedlings turned yellow. At first, it was unknown why. Then asked the experts to know, and make timely application of ammonium bicarbonate and urea have improved. Beijing Shunyi District also reflected the situation of farmers' friends. Excessive quantity of straw returned to farms and extensive operation resulted in poor quality of soil cultivation, loose soil coverage, and poor lyrical conditions, affecting the emergence and growth of the lower crops and the appearance of yellow seedlings.
Expert analysis: The straw contains a large amount of fresh organic material, which can be used as organic fertilizer source returned to the farmland. The straw after returning can be transformed into organic matter and available nutrients through various decomposition actions, which can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. It can also supply nutrients. There is a set of technical requirements for the direct return of straw. Not only does it fail to achieve the desired results, but it also has a negative effect, as described in the case that causes problems such as the lack of nitrogen-yield yellow seedlings or incomplete emergence.
There are the following technical essentials to make straw directly return to the field:
First, the direct return of straw to the field needs to be supplemented with accelerated nitrogen fertilizer. For example, if the straw is returned to the field directly, it should be supplemented with an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer. According to the air-dried straw, 100 kg of straw should be added with 3 to 5 kg of pure nitrogen to adjust the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, because microorganisms must absorb the straw during decomposition. If available nitrogen in soil is not supplemented with available nitrogen fertilizer, microorganisms will use the nitrogen applied to seedlings, resulting in nitrogen deficiency in seedlings and problems with yellow seedlings, affecting normal growth at seedling stage.
Second, the straw should be chopped and the length of the straw should not exceed 10-15 cm. After ploughing into the soil, it is necessary to cover the soil and suppress the soil, so as to accelerate the decomposition of the straw without affecting the seedling emergence.
Thirdly, the quantity of straw returned to the field should be moderate. In terms of air-dried stalks, it is generally appropriate to have about 500 kg per mu and no more than 1,000 kg per mu. Excessive straw returning will affect the sowing quality. When straw is returned to the field in paddy fields, the organic acids produced during the decomposition of the straw must be prevented from poisoning the root system.
Fourth, avoid directly returning the straw with serious pests and diseases to the field. For such straw, ash or high-temperature compost should be used to kill the pest and return it to the field.
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