Greenhouse watermelon is cultivated more and more in northwestern Shandong (such as Dezhou City Wucheng County) due to its easy cultivation, high yield, early listing, high price, and good efficiency. The local melon farmers mainly adopt two cultivation modes: one is the cultivation in the early shed, that is, a double shed covered with straw curtains and a small shed inside, and planted around February 1 (around the lunar calendar January 10), May Watermelon ripened and harvested around the 1st. The second is the late shed cultivation, which uses a single-layer temporary shed without grass cover. It is planted around April 5 (around the lunar new year). The shed is evacuated when the temperature stabilizes after May 1, and wheat is harvested on June 5. When ripe watermelon harvest. The technical points for the cultivation of watermelon in the morning and evening are introduced as follows:
Need fertilizer characteristics and stock selection
Watermelon is a high-yielding, economic crop that is high in temperature, drought-tolerant and requires more fertilizer. Theoretically, for every 1,000 kilograms of watermelon fruit produced, approximately 2.5-3.2 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 0.8-1.2 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.9-3.6 kilograms of potassium oxide need to be absorbed. The ratio of NPK is approximately 3:1:3.5.
When cultivated, early sheds are recommended to use rootstocks such as Nuggets Dragon, Digging Jinglong, Qingyan No. 1, etc., and Jingxin Series is selected for the varieties. In the late shed, it is recommended to use rootstocks as the Nuggets Dragon, Digging Jinglong, and Qingyan No. 1, etc. The varieties are selected from the Golden Dragon.
Morning and evening shed cultivation
On the base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is mainly composed of organic fertilizer and high-potassium compound fertilizer, which can be applied to 2-3 cubic meters per mu of organic fertilizer, sulfur-type high-potassium compound fertilizer (15-6-21, etc.) 100 kg/mu.
On topdressing, the head melon can not be top-dressed, but after May 1st, the second melon should be top-dressed, and it is recommended to use sulphur-nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer (24-0-11, etc.) 25-30 kg/mu. Watering fertilizer.
For the control of pests and diseases, the principle of prevention and control of pests and diseases is prevention and treatment, and early detection and treatment should be conducted. At the seedling stage, it mainly controls locusts and powdery mildew, spot disease, etc., spraying imidacloprid + difenoconazole, or imidacloprid + tribe, a total of 1-2 times. After sitting on the melon (including the head melon and the second melon), it mainly controls cabbage caterpillar, cotton bollworm, leaf leaf moth, leaf spot, and powdery mildew, etc., and can be sprayed with methotrexate, difenoconazole, or kuanjiajiabei. Spray 1-2 times depending on the condition.
The foliar fertilizer was sprayed on, and the starter was planted on the melon and sprayed with spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 330-500 times and sprayed 2-3 times.
Fertilizer on the need to pay attention to the problem
First of all, the base fertilizer reduces the nitrogen, increases the potassium, increases the sulfur, strengthens the stems, increases the resistance, and prevents growth. It is suggested to use potassium sulphate-type high-nitrogen medium-phosphorus high-potassium formula as base fertilizer, such as 15-6-21, 15-10-20, 16-12-20, 18-12-20 and so on.
Second, the head of the early morning shed, mainly using the fertilizer effect of the base fertilizer, you can not topdressing. However, in the early shed, the second crop and the late shed were transformed into field cultivation after the removal of greenhouse films on May 1st. Due to watering and rainfall, the utilization rate of fertilizer and water was lower than that in the shed. Therefore, it is necessary to top-dress fertilizers in a timely manner. Pay attention to top-dressing potassium sulfate potassium nitrogen fertilizer is better, it is recommended to use formula 24-0-11, 25-0-10 and so on. Supplementary nitrogen fertilizer prevents premature decline, supplements potash fertilizer to increase yield and sugar content. Phosphorus fertilizer gives full application to base fertilizer at one time. It is of little significance for topdressing to supplement phosphorus, and it also increases costs.
Secondly, the best acupoints for applying fertilizer are concentrated and applied to increase the utilization rate. The effect is better than flushing with water.
Finally, after sitting on the melon, pay attention to the leaf surface to add potassium dihydrogen phosphate, increase the brightness of the leaves, increase the photosynthetic efficiency, increase the yield and sugar content, and improve the quality.
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