In recent years, the use of chemical fertilizers has created great economic benefits for many vegetable growers. With the large-scale use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, promotion of high-yield species, and reduction in the amount of organic fertilizers applied, the imbalance between large amounts of elements in the soil and intermediate and trace elements has become increasingly prominent, which has seriously affected the improvement of crop yield and quality. .
The lack of trace elements such as Ca, Mg, B, Zn, Mn, and Fe limits the stable production and production of crops, limits the quality of sugar enhancement, and limits the resistance of crops to drought, cold, salt and alkali resistance.
Crops often show invisibility in the first place. If they encounter cold weather, cold-current frost, high-temperature drought, continuous rain, and other adverse climate, the lack of trace elements will lead to a decline in crop resistance, and the annual output will be unstable and the quality will decline. Calcium also gradually became the fourth largest trace element after nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Practice has proved that the rational application of trace element technology to improve crop quality has become another shortcut for farmers to increase production and income.
The problem of calcium is generally manifested in the quality of vegetables, such as the umbilical rot of fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes and peppers, the dried heart of cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage and lettuce, the black heart disease of celery, and the cavity of carrots. Scientific research shows that to solve the problem of calcium deficiency in vegetables, the transpiration rate can be increased by increasing the air circulation, such as artificially unfolding the leaves and adjusting the temperature and humidity. The most effective method is to supplement the calcium fertilizer by foliar spraying. It can be sprayed on the top and bottom of the inflorescence sufficiently 2 to 3 times during flowering, and it is best to spray the fruits directly on the fruit surface during the full fruit period. Calcium fertilizers are best used sugar alcohol chelated calcium, such as calcium mannitol. This calcium fertilizer can completely solve the problem of slow movement of calcium in the plant.
Boron is one of the most widely used trace elements in agricultural production in the world today. The main reason for the lack of boron in vegetables is that most crops have a high demand for boron, such as rape, celery, sugar beet, spinach, radish and other crops are highly sensitive to boron, and another reason is that boron and nitrate are as easy to rinse, In vegetable cultivation, especially in facility cultivation, the amount of irrigation is too large and soil soluble boron is easily lost.
To solve the problem of boron deficiency in vegetables, the application of boron fertilizer is carried out. Before the sowing of the crops or the preparation of transplants, 3 kg of granular sodium borate pentahydrate is applied per hectare. Boron can also be added in the form of foliar spray, which is characterized by its effectiveness, economy, and safety. Since boron is the main transportation route in most vegetables is xylem, this type of vegetables should be sprayed during the period when the amount of boron is highest. The most effective spraying period is: Solanaceous vegetables are sprayed in the post-emergence and early flowering period. ~3 times; root vegetables are sprayed twice in the post-emergence period to the root growth period; cabbage vegetables are sprayed two or three times in the post-emergence, rosette, and early ball stage; leafy vegetables are sprayed during the post-emergence to the growing season. Apply 2 to 3 times. When symptoms of boron deficiency occur in the field, they should be sprayed 2 or 3 times as quickly as possible, each time between 5 and 7 days. Leaf spray recommended the use of water-soluble and high content of sodium octaborate salt or potassium octoborate, spray concentration of 800 to 1000 times. The concentration of crops at seedling stage can be reduced as appropriate, slightly higher in the late growth period, and boron poisoning should not be caused by exceeding the application concentration, resulting in loss of green leaves and flowers and leaves.
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