Doing autumn autumn pruning can improve the light transmission condition, improve the light transmittance of the canopy, make each branch evenly light, ensure the coloration of the fruit, reduce the inefficient consumption of nutrients, and promote nutrient accumulation. The autumn shears are mainly to eliminate the long branches, the competition branches, and the erect branches. For the new shoots or the back branches that have not stopped growing, the young part of the tip can be removed or the anterior leaf surface can be removed, only the petiole is kept, the branches are filled, the buds are full, and the winter is over, and after the first heart-picking, The new shoots that continue to grow the secondary shoots should be topped again. The strong branches, dense branches and peripheral branches of the main branches are straightened off; the opposite side is softer than the prosperous branches, and the two sides are nearly horizontally grown; the larger branches that grow on the back are pulled open.
To strengthen the water management of the orchard in the autumn, according to the soil drought, the watering amount should not be too large, and the relative water content of the soil should be kept at 60%~70%. Large water flooding is easy to cause apple cracks. In the concentrated coloring period of apples after bag picking, the water supply (appropriate “droughtâ€) should be properly controlled, which is conducive to fruit coloring and improve appearance quality. Before and after bag picking, the drainage and flood control of the orchard should be done, and the soil of the orchard should be loosened to create a good soil environment for root growth and development, and also prevent excessive soil moisture and affect fruit coloration. If the weeds grow vigorously, we must cut the grass in time, and the weeds that have been cut cover the orchard, which can cool down, change soil and increase fertilizer. Orchards prone to bitter pox disease should be sprayed twice with calcium fertilizer before and after bag picking, and foliar fertilizer with 0.3% to 0.5% potassium silicate fertilizer can be sprayed on the leaf surface after bag picking to improve the solubility of the fruit. The solid content and the type of aroma substances enhance the quality of the fruit.
Fuji apples generally pick up bags at the end of September and early October. They should be in the order of picking the dense trees and picking the light-transmissive trees first and foremost. If it is the inner and outer joint bag, it is recommended to tear the bag into an umbrella-shaped strip cover on the fruit before 11:00 am and after 4 pm, and remove it all after 4-6 days. If the inner layer is red double-layer paper bag, the outer bag will be removed first, and after 4 to 5 sunny days, the inner bag will be removed to avoid excessive temperature difference. In case of rainy days, the time to remove the inner bag should be postponed.
Picking leaves, turning fruit, laying reflective film, promoting fruit coloring If you want to produce high quality red fruits, it is recommended to pick leaves, turn fruits, lay reflective film, and promote fruit coloring. Fuji apple coloring mainly depends on direct light. Therefore, after the bag is removed, the branches and leaves that affect the coloring of the fruit should be removed in time. When the leaves are picked, the negative side of the fruit is turned to the sunny side. It should be noted that when the leaves are picked, the fruit is removed and attached to the fruit. The blades on the surface are dominated, and the new shoot leaves are retained as much as possible. After the inner bag is removed, the leaf leaves and the shading leaves (retaining the petiole) within 5 cm of the fruit are removed, and the shading leaves 15 to 30 cm away from the fruit are removed after 3 days. If the picked leaves are larger than 30 cm around the fruit, it is easy to cause the fruit weight to decrease and affect the flowering in the second year. Picking the bag for the first time after 4 to 5 days, and transferring the fruit for the second time from 9 to 10 days. The fruit should be selected in cloudy and cloudy weather or sunny mornings and afternoons. Avoid turning fruits at noon to prevent sunburn. The drooping fruit is not easily fixed after the fruit is transferred, and can be fixed by a transparent tape attached to a suitable branch nearby.
During the fruit coloring period, the tree trays were trimmed, and a silver reflective film was placed under the canopy 0.5 m from the main axis. A reflective film with a width of 1 m was placed on each side of the plant, and the edges were compacted with earth and stone. The reflective film should be carried out 3 to 5 days after the inner bag is removed. During the filming, the leaves and dust on the film should be removed frequently to keep the film surface clean and improve the reflective effect. 1 to 2 days before harvesting, remove the reflective film and dry it. If it is not damaged, it can be used again in the coming year.
Appropriate harvesting to improve fruit quality Although Fuji can be fully colored 3 to 5 days after bag picking, it is full red, but at this time the fruit has a low sugar content and aroma content, and the taste is poor. The study found that from October 5 to 26, with the delay of harvest time, the soluble solid content of fruits increased from 13.2% to 15.2%, soluble total sugar increased from 9.9% to 12.9%, and the types of fruit aroma substances and The total amount has increased significantly. However, it is not easy to pick it late. Otherwise, although the sugar content increases, the vitamin C content decreases significantly, and the fruit hardness decreases, which is not conducive to storage and transportation.
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