In summer, high temperatures and high humidity can easily cause a lot of adverse effects on pig production. Such as heat stress, decreased feed intake, decreased weight gain, reproduction barriers, etc., the author intends to conduct a preliminary discussion on the feeding and management of pig farms in the hot season. It is recommended that the following four measures be taken to ensure the safety of herds.
Improve summer cooling measures During the hot season, provide a cool, clean and quiet environment for the pigs.
The site selection and layout of the pig farm should be conducive to the ventilation and cooling of the pig houses to the north and south, preferably in a stepped arrangement with a spacing of more than 8 meters.
Increase the green area of ​​pig farms and improve the microclimate on the site. Reducing the proportion of cement floor to reduce the ground temperature, the summer can reduce the ambient temperature of the pighouse 3 °C ~ 4 °C, reduce heat radiation 80%.
Improve the environment of the pig house (1) Strengthen the ventilation: Remove the weeds around the pig house, open all doors, windows, and ventilation holes as much as possible, and use electric fans and exhaust fans to enhance the air flow inside the house. (2) Cooling with water: Water cooling must be combined with strong ventilation to achieve the desired effect, otherwise it will cause high temperature and high humidity, which is counterproductive. The spray cooling is suitable for breeding gestation houses, growing houses and barns, spraying water for 3 minutes to 5 minutes at intervals of 40 minutes; drip cooling is applicable to the limit bar and the larvae high delivery room, and neck drips are used for lactating sows. Cooling, it is best to be automatically controlled, every 30 minutes to 15 minutes interval 1 minute, drip cooling temperature can increase feed intake of nursing sows by 20%; rinse shower cooling applies to fattening pig house, breeding house and boar testes Local cooling, shower 2 times a day, avoid spraying cold water suddenly on the pig's head, prohibiting showering on the boars within 1 hour of the finished species; cooling the water bath to build a pool on the playground, allowing the boar and weaned sow to cool off freely ; In addition there is a roof spray cooling or artificial sprinkler cooling. (3) Change the structure of the pig house or install a sunscreen to cool down: The open-type structure should be adopted in the south boars, pregnant sow houses, and growing-finishing houses; Such as laying roof tiles under the shavings or foam, walls with hollow bricks, pigskin floor with insulating cement or slatted floor; extending the width of the roof of the pig house can reduce the absorption of heat; on the roof of the pig house and the sun shines on both sides of the sunscreen To avoid direct sunlight. (4) Cooling of the wet curtain or cooling of the air-conditioner: The condition of the pig farm depot and nursery can use the wet-curtain cooling system, which can generally reduce the sheer temperature 5°C to 8°C; the breeding farm and the boar using artificial insemination farms Air conditioning can be installed.
Improve feeding and management to reduce the ratio of breeding density reduction by 1/4 to 1/3, to avoid crowding, improve air quality, reduce heat stress, especially for pregnant sows. If the density is too high, it will cause miscarriage due to heat and irritability, so It is best to keep a single bar.
Control breeding and laying time. Properly avoid the hottest July and August breeding and litter size, and reasonably arrange production; at the same time, breeding and harvesting will be conducted in the morning and evening when it is cool.
Arranging for the transfer, sale, castration and vaccination of pigs should be carried out sooner or later. During the long-distance transport of pigs, drinking water and water spray should be used for cooling.
Postpone the delivery time of the sows. Choose the sows to give birth on a cool bed in the morning about 3 days before delivery.
Control delivery time and shorten labor. Sows often have a long delivery time at high temperatures, causing the fetus to stay in the birth canal for too long and suffocate. Chlorprostinol 0.2 mg/head may be injected in the morning two days before the expected date of delivery. After about 24 hours to 28 hours after delivery, 3 to 5 heads of oxytocin are injected and 3 ml to 5 ml of oxytocin are injected. This can induce sows to give birth in the early morning, shorten labor and reduce stillbirth.
Keep the sheds clean at least 2 times a day or 3 times a day, sterilize 3 to 4 times a month, and do a good job of eliminating mosquitoes and flies.
Adjust dietary nutrient levels and control daily feed intake to increase nutrient intake of heavy and lactating sows. Under high temperature, nursing sows should maintain a high level of nutrition, can be added 2% to 5% fat powder, 2% high quality fish meal and 0.1% to 0.2% lysine, sows daily feed intake 4 weeks before delivery It should reach 2.5kg to 3.2kg, and should reach 6kg or more during the vigorous period.
Treated sows with excellent feed The gilts that were weaned or bred for the first two weeks before mating were subjected to short-term feeding of breastfeeding materials to promote ovulation. The daily dose was guaranteed to be 2.2 kg to 2.5 kg.
Sows that control the nutritional intake of pregnant sows should use low-energy and low-protein sow feeds. Too much feeding will adversely affect the development of early embryos, especially during the high temperature season. The amount of 1.8 kg to 2.0 kg is suitable for the sow to control the body condition.
Specialized Boars The boars should be fed with specially formulated boar material and increased by 2% premium fishmeal or 2 eggs per boar per day.
To improve the feed intake of commercial pigs, select high-quality fresh raw materials and add attractants to increase the feed intake and maintain the high growth rate of commercial pigs.
Change the feeding mode Change the material type to use wet mix, the ratio of water to feed is 1:1, which can increase the feed intake by about 10%, but it is necessary to mix and feed now to prevent spoilage; at the same time, feed more green feed, especially sows .
Increase the number of feeding night feeding, especially the sows at the peak of lactation.
Adjust the feeding time in the early morning and late evening when feeding, try to avoid feeding at noon, so that early morning feed, feed more at night and feed at night. However, the adjustment of feeding time should be gradual, gradually adjusted with changes in temperature and cannot be suddenly changed.
Ensure adequate cooling of drinking water, inhibit increase in body temperature of pigs (1) Increase the number of drinking fountains; frequently check drinking fountains (with or without clogging); drinkers must have sufficient pressure to ensure flow, sows are 1.5 liters per minute, finishing pigs are 1 l/min. (2) Add 0.1% to 0.2% artificial salt or 0.5% baking soda in drinking water to adjust the electrolyte balance of the sow and reduce the occurrence of heat stress. (3) Use cool deep well water, do not expose the water pipes to sunlight, which is beneficial to the cooling of the pigs and stimulate the intake. While nursing sows cool down, piglets must be protected from high humidity and blown-out fans. (4) The drinking water on the playground shall be guaranteed to be uninterrupted and the drinking fountain shall be placed in a cool place so as to avoid direct sunlight heating up.
Improve summer cooling measures During the hot season, provide a cool, clean and quiet environment for the pigs.
The site selection and layout of the pig farm should be conducive to the ventilation and cooling of the pig houses to the north and south, preferably in a stepped arrangement with a spacing of more than 8 meters.
Increase the green area of ​​pig farms and improve the microclimate on the site. Reducing the proportion of cement floor to reduce the ground temperature, the summer can reduce the ambient temperature of the pighouse 3 °C ~ 4 °C, reduce heat radiation 80%.
Improve the environment of the pig house (1) Strengthen the ventilation: Remove the weeds around the pig house, open all doors, windows, and ventilation holes as much as possible, and use electric fans and exhaust fans to enhance the air flow inside the house. (2) Cooling with water: Water cooling must be combined with strong ventilation to achieve the desired effect, otherwise it will cause high temperature and high humidity, which is counterproductive. The spray cooling is suitable for breeding gestation houses, growing houses and barns, spraying water for 3 minutes to 5 minutes at intervals of 40 minutes; drip cooling is applicable to the limit bar and the larvae high delivery room, and neck drips are used for lactating sows. Cooling, it is best to be automatically controlled, every 30 minutes to 15 minutes interval 1 minute, drip cooling temperature can increase feed intake of nursing sows by 20%; rinse shower cooling applies to fattening pig house, breeding house and boar testes Local cooling, shower 2 times a day, avoid spraying cold water suddenly on the pig's head, prohibiting showering on the boars within 1 hour of the finished species; cooling the water bath to build a pool on the playground, allowing the boar and weaned sow to cool off freely ; In addition there is a roof spray cooling or artificial sprinkler cooling. (3) Change the structure of the pig house or install a sunscreen to cool down: The open-type structure should be adopted in the south boars, pregnant sow houses, and growing-finishing houses; Such as laying roof tiles under the shavings or foam, walls with hollow bricks, pigskin floor with insulating cement or slatted floor; extending the width of the roof of the pig house can reduce the absorption of heat; on the roof of the pig house and the sun shines on both sides of the sunscreen To avoid direct sunlight. (4) Cooling of the wet curtain or cooling of the air-conditioner: The condition of the pig farm depot and nursery can use the wet-curtain cooling system, which can generally reduce the sheer temperature 5°C to 8°C; the breeding farm and the boar using artificial insemination farms Air conditioning can be installed.
Improve feeding and management to reduce the ratio of breeding density reduction by 1/4 to 1/3, to avoid crowding, improve air quality, reduce heat stress, especially for pregnant sows. If the density is too high, it will cause miscarriage due to heat and irritability, so It is best to keep a single bar.
Control breeding and laying time. Properly avoid the hottest July and August breeding and litter size, and reasonably arrange production; at the same time, breeding and harvesting will be conducted in the morning and evening when it is cool.
Arranging for the transfer, sale, castration and vaccination of pigs should be carried out sooner or later. During the long-distance transport of pigs, drinking water and water spray should be used for cooling.
Postpone the delivery time of the sows. Choose the sows to give birth on a cool bed in the morning about 3 days before delivery.
Control delivery time and shorten labor. Sows often have a long delivery time at high temperatures, causing the fetus to stay in the birth canal for too long and suffocate. Chlorprostinol 0.2 mg/head may be injected in the morning two days before the expected date of delivery. After about 24 hours to 28 hours after delivery, 3 to 5 heads of oxytocin are injected and 3 ml to 5 ml of oxytocin are injected. This can induce sows to give birth in the early morning, shorten labor and reduce stillbirth.
Keep the sheds clean at least 2 times a day or 3 times a day, sterilize 3 to 4 times a month, and do a good job of eliminating mosquitoes and flies.
Adjust dietary nutrient levels and control daily feed intake to increase nutrient intake of heavy and lactating sows. Under high temperature, nursing sows should maintain a high level of nutrition, can be added 2% to 5% fat powder, 2% high quality fish meal and 0.1% to 0.2% lysine, sows daily feed intake 4 weeks before delivery It should reach 2.5kg to 3.2kg, and should reach 6kg or more during the vigorous period.
Treated sows with excellent feed The gilts that were weaned or bred for the first two weeks before mating were subjected to short-term feeding of breastfeeding materials to promote ovulation. The daily dose was guaranteed to be 2.2 kg to 2.5 kg.
Sows that control the nutritional intake of pregnant sows should use low-energy and low-protein sow feeds. Too much feeding will adversely affect the development of early embryos, especially during the high temperature season. The amount of 1.8 kg to 2.0 kg is suitable for the sow to control the body condition.
Specialized Boars The boars should be fed with specially formulated boar material and increased by 2% premium fishmeal or 2 eggs per boar per day.
To improve the feed intake of commercial pigs, select high-quality fresh raw materials and add attractants to increase the feed intake and maintain the high growth rate of commercial pigs.
Change the feeding mode Change the material type to use wet mix, the ratio of water to feed is 1:1, which can increase the feed intake by about 10%, but it is necessary to mix and feed now to prevent spoilage; at the same time, feed more green feed, especially sows .
Increase the number of feeding night feeding, especially the sows at the peak of lactation.
Adjust the feeding time in the early morning and late evening when feeding, try to avoid feeding at noon, so that early morning feed, feed more at night and feed at night. However, the adjustment of feeding time should be gradual, gradually adjusted with changes in temperature and cannot be suddenly changed.
Ensure adequate cooling of drinking water, inhibit increase in body temperature of pigs (1) Increase the number of drinking fountains; frequently check drinking fountains (with or without clogging); drinkers must have sufficient pressure to ensure flow, sows are 1.5 liters per minute, finishing pigs are 1 l/min. (2) Add 0.1% to 0.2% artificial salt or 0.5% baking soda in drinking water to adjust the electrolyte balance of the sow and reduce the occurrence of heat stress. (3) Use cool deep well water, do not expose the water pipes to sunlight, which is beneficial to the cooling of the pigs and stimulate the intake. While nursing sows cool down, piglets must be protected from high humidity and blown-out fans. (4) The drinking water on the playground shall be guaranteed to be uninterrupted and the drinking fountain shall be placed in a cool place so as to avoid direct sunlight heating up.