Seeds produced by self-selected seed breeding, although the plants are tall and short, and flower diameters are different, the petals have single, half and double petals, but they can enjoy colorful flowers and varied flower shapes, such as rare flowers. Green, purple, black, complex color, the same pure color of petals and stamens, different variegated colors, etc., rose-shaped, peony-shaped, chrysanthemum-shaped, embroidered spherical and other exotic flower shapes appear on flower shape. If vegetative propagation can be maintained with tuberous roots, new varieties of potted saplings and cut flowers can be bred and promoted in production. At the same time, producers of ranunculus, which are mainly involved in the introduction of provenances, can greatly reduce production costs and create conditions for the widespread use of ranunculus in landscaping.
Retention seeds
In order to collect good seeds, it is necessary to determine the parent strain of the seed collection according to the requirements of the selection target, mark the mark, and strengthen management. When flowering, artificial pollination between flowers or plants is performed. When the stamen pollen spreads out, use a brush to apply the pollen to the pistil stigmas of other flowers. When the petals of the pollinated flower fall off and form a blue-colored cluster of fruit, the other flowers and buds are removed to concentrate the nutrients. Supply seed growth and development. At the same time, the management of fertilizer and water and the prevention of pests and diseases will be strengthened so that the ranunculus grows robustly, and more nutrients are sent to the ears to grow full and full seeds. In June, the upper part of the ranunculus flower was yellow, and the aggregated fruit changed from green to yellow. When the seed was mature, the fruit was harvested, dried, put into a paper bag, and stored in a ventilated, dry place for storage in the autumn.
Low temperature germination
The normal sowing date for ranunculus is autumn, and it is advisable to sow in October when the temperature drops below 20°C. However, there is a large difference in temperature between different years and the germination time varies. If you can control the seed germination temperature at 10 °C to 15 °C, about 20 days of germination. Early sowing, the temperature is higher than 20 °C does not germinate, until it drops to the germination temperature, germination requires a long time after sowing; late sowing, before the winter vegetative growth is insufficient, late spring flowering is small; sowing too late, the temperature is lower than 5 °C Can not germinate, until the following year in February, the temperature rises after germination. In order to prolong the period of vegetative growth in production and cultivate high-quality ranunculus, it can be planted in early and mid-August. The high temperature at this time is not conducive to the germination of the seeds and requires low temperature germination. The seeds are wrapped in gauze, soaked in cold water for 24 hours, placed in a constant temperature cabinet at 8°C to 10°C or in a fresh container for refrigerators. Take it out in the morning and in the evening. Rinse with cold water and dry the remaining water to keep the seeds moist. About 10 days after the seeds germinate, they are sown immediately. Wherever possible, alpine nursery can be used.
Soil preparation
Seedbed should choose airy, light, well-drained, loose and fertile sandy loam, avoid planting in low-lying clay deposits. During site preparation, 25 kg of composted organic fertilizer was applied per square meter of seedbed, 0.15 kg of NPK fertilizer, 80% of 50% carbendazim powder, and 20 g of 3% carbofuran granules to prevent pests and diseases. Then plunge 20 centimeters deep and mix it to make a seed bed 1 meter wide and 20 centimeters high. After pulverizing soil, squeezing finely, and leveling the bed surface, pour it with a fine-eye watering can and then water until the surface water seeps. It will sprout. The ranunculus seeds are evenly spread on a seedbed, covered with a layer of about 0.5 cm thick screened fine soil, and then covered with a double-layer shade net to cool and moisturize.
After the flower seedlings are in full bloom, if the temperature is high, take a bow net to cover the shade net and cool the weather. Then remove the shade net and gradually increase the light until it is maintained under full light conditions. When two shield-shaped cotyledons are matured or grow leaves, spraying 50% carbendazim WP 800 to 1000 times or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times to prevent disease; at the same time, spray to the foliage 0.05% The mixture of urea and KH2PO4, once a week, promotes vigorous growth of seedlings.
Transplant planting
When the seedlings grow 4 to 5 true leaves, they can be transplanted into pots by sub-seedlings or planted into the seedbeds of plastic greenhouses. The soil used for planting is the same as sowing soil. When raising the seedlings, use seedlings to dig up the seedlings one after the other and try to bring as many soils as possible to reduce the damage to the root system. In order to cultivate high-quality potted plants and increase the diameter of the crown, 3 to 5 plants are planted in each pot, and 3 to 5 plantlets can be planted in the nursery beds. The grove spacing is 20 to 25 cm. After the seedlings are transplanted, the root water is poured in time to allow the roots and the soil to be closely connected, and a shade net is overlaid to facilitate the seedlings' growth and they are maintained under full light after they survive.
Post-plant management
1. Seedling management seedling period, such as light is too strong, high temperature, can take shade net cooling. In order to prevent seedlings from growing in length, the daytime temperature is lower than 15°C, and the nighttime temperature is 5°C to 8°C. The best temperature is when the temperature difference is less than 10°C. When the temperature is above 20°C for a long time, the leaves will be yellowed. When the winter temperature falls to 5°C, measures should be taken to prevent the cold and heat the plastic film. When the temperature rises at noon on sunny days, it is necessary to pay attention to ventilation and cooling, and to use sunlight reasonably. The temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at 5°C to 10°C so that the seedlings are always in a growing state. Watering should be controlled during the seedling stage. Do not pour or water. The soil is too wet to cause rot of young roots. Pour as slowly as possible while watering to prevent water from rushing out of the root or flushing away the substrate. Every 10 to 15 days, combine 0.1% urea with water and water.
Mix or apply 0.3% liquid compound fertilizer once.
2. Management before flowering From the seedlings grow about 10 basal leaves to the plants to draw upright stems, before the formation of buds for pre-flower management, that is, vegetative growth period. In order to ensure the vegetative growth of the plants, the soil should not be short of water, otherwise the plants will grow short and have little tillering, and the roots will be undeveloped, which will affect the formation of flower buds. However, the soil will be rotted easily and cause diseases, resulting in poor plant growth.
With the increase of basal leaves and the increase of plant clusters, a 3:2:2 ratio of N, P, K solution was applied once every 10 days, and the concentration and frequency of fertilization were gradually increased. The spring temperature is suitable, the ranunculus grows vigorously and the upright stalks are grown. The replenishment of fertilizer and water should be increased, and watering should be done regularly to keep the soil moist. The thin pancake fertilizer or compound fertilizer should be applied once a week, and spray should be applied one or two times. Foliar fertilizer mainly composed of potassium until budding.
According to the growth of the plants, the basin spacing was opened in a timely manner, and yellow leaves and sick leaves were removed to prevent excessive plant density, resulting in leggy and poor ventilation. At the same time, the prevention and control of pests and diseases was strengthened. The diseased plants were found to be removed in a timely manner and regularly sprayed with a broad-spectrum fungicide to sterilize them; at any time, the occurrence of insect pests such as spotted lilies and aphids was monitored. In case of prevention, pests and diseases will be destroyed in the early stages.
3. Flowering period The flowering period is the period from the formation, development to flowering of the flower buds. During the formation and development of flower buds, a large amount of fertilizer is required, and thin pancake fertilizer should be applied once every 7 to 10 days with 0.2% KH2PO4 solution.
In order to enrich the flower stems and prevent the wind from breaking and lodging, the amount of potash fertilizer should be increased before budding and the leaching solution of ash (10 kg of fresh water plus 1 kg of phytowood soaked for one week) should be applied every 10 days to remove 50% of the supernatant water. Shigen Department, applied twice. In order to concentrate the nutrients, large buds should be planted. The buds should be budded at the beginning, and 3 to 5 robust buds should be selected for each plant. The rest should be removed. In order to reduce the height of the ranunculus, make the plant more beautiful and increase the ornamental value, from the initial stage of flowering stems to the emergence of the buds, 0.2% to 0.4% of B-9 (bigger) spray on the top of the stem and leaves. , Once every 10 days, a total of 2 to 3 times, can promote dwarfing plants. Or spray a 15% paclobutrazol solution in aqueous solution, buds should be sprayed in batches in the morning and evening.
Watering during flowering should be balanced, and soil moisture should be maintained. Water shortage will affect flowering, resulting in short flowering period, lack of color, and yellow leaves. When the flowers are exposed to high temperature and strong light, they are shaded in time, cool down and prevent the leaves from turning yellow. If the temperature is maintained at 15°C to 18°C, the open and broken streaks will be cut off in time and the flowering period can be as long as 1 to 2 months.
4. After flowering management, flower stems were gradually yellowed after stemming from the shoots, the seeds developed and the underground roots increased, and they entered into hibernation. For plants that do not retain seed, when the petals fall off, they should promptly cut off the stray flowers and remove the young fruit ear. Timely watering, followed by 1 to 2 times the use of phosphorus, potassium-based liquid fertilizer. Spray pesticides regularly to prevent and control pests and diseases, especially to prevent the damage of Liriomyza.
Make full use of the time from the flower after the flowers to the yellow leaves, the normal growth of the ranunculus, to create more nutrients to the underground roots, promote its growth, development full and full. When the temperature rises after summer, it is necessary to stop fertilizing and watering. When the branches and leaves are completely brown, choose to harvest the roots of the sunny days for 2 to 3 days. To avoid damage, carefully dig them carefully. The roots are washed, sterilized, dried, and then stored until the fall.