I. Variety selection and planting techniques
1. Variety selection The varieties with short fruit development period, early ripeness, large fruit size, bright color, beautiful taste, pollen, and high yield are used. Purple amber and special early red are commonly used in production. The main cultivars and pollination varieties are arranged in a 5:1 ratio.
2. Planting specifications Greenhouses are planted at a height of 2 meters and 1 meter and are planted 100 centimeters from the northern wall. The southernmost plant is 80 centimeters from the front.
3. Planting and planting ditch depth, width 40 cm, backfill fill the top soil after filling with topsoil, while applying 100 kg of organic fertilizer per manure, 2 kg of compound fertilizer, and planting water after pouring enough water.
Second, tree management
1. The shape of the tree is a spindle-shaped tree with a height of 1 to 1.8 meters, a trunk height of 30 centimeters, a center of 4 to 5 layers, 12 to 15 main branches, parallel growth, uniform distribution, and main branch. The growth angle is 70 degrees to 80 degrees, and the main branch length is 40 centimeters to 70 centimeters, suitable for planting specifications of 2 meters and 1 meter.
2. Summer shears are cut in summer according to the tree shape requirements. Using buds, softening the branches, twisting the tip, and opening angles to control upright branches and prosperous trees, ensure the tree's ventilation and light transmission, and balance the tree potential. After the fruit is harvested, it is appropriately shrunk to the moderate branch in the long branch. There is a tip to keep a new shoot.
3. The winter shears are trimmed with long shoots, mainly sparsely, without flowering branches, cross branches, over dense branches, upright branches on the back, controlling the height of the trees, maintaining the growth of the trees, and improving the ability of the results.
4. Chemical control in the middle and late July of each year, paclobutrazol used to control tree growth, promote flower bud formation, with 15% paclobutrazol 300 times once a day for 7 days, and even spray 3 times.
5. Flowering management flowering assisted pollination. The artificial pollination method, or the use of feather hairpins, or bees and other bee pollination methods are used to ensure the number of fruit set. Thinning of fruit was performed twice, first for 3 weeks after flowering to remove sick fruit, double fruit, small fruit, and dense fruit. The second time in the first five weeks after flowering, the amount of fruit remaining was calculated based on the yield of 2000 kg per acre. The fruits left after fruit thinning were distributed evenly on the shoots.
III. Pest Control
1. Disease Prevention and Control Greenhouse Plums are prone to perforation, and they are sprayed with 5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur before germination and sprayed with 1:4:240 zinc sulfate lime solution every 20 days in summer.
2. Insect pest control 10 days after warming is the locust egg hatching period, spraying 1500 times liquid once again. In the 20 days after the temperature rise and the growth period, the spider mites were controlled and sprayed with 1500 times liquid broom or 2,500 times the amount of Qishaosu. Leaf roller moths were treated with diflubenzuron 1500 times.
IV. Management of fertilizer and water After planting seedlings to survive, a shallow ditch with a width of 20 cm wide and a depth of 5 cm is formed between the rows to form Taitian, which is used for summer drainage, irrigation and fertilization. In the early stage of growth, the fertilizer is chased once every 10 days, and 25 kg each of ammonium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. are applied from the bud to the flowering stage, and 25 kg of urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate are applied during the young fruit period to maturity. After the fruit is harvested, underground nutrients shall be applied for underground fertilization in a timely manner, and 100 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 50 kg of urea shall be applied. In September of each year, organic fertilizer shall be applied to the ditch or tree tray, and the chicken manure and manure will be mainly used for decomposing. 3,000 kg of crude fertilizer, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, 30 kg of urea, and irrigation once after each fertilization. In addition to watering after fertilization in the entire production process, irrigates 1 to 2 times of water according to soil moisture, and cultivating loose soil at any time after irrigation.
Fifth, temperature and humidity control
1. Temperature regulation Plum dormancy period is 40 days to 50 days, need 0 °C ~ 7 °C low temperature 1000 hours ~ 1500 hours, plum litter fall after the beginning of forced dormancy, to meet the need for cooling after warming. The temperature regulation after warming is achieved by switching the ventilation openings and adjusting the size of the ventilation belt. The temperature regulation index of each phenology period in the plum season during the growing season is: 13°C～15°C during the beginning of flowering, 3°C～5°C during the night, and 18°C～20°C during the flowering day, and the maximum cannot exceed 22°C. Nighttime 6 °C ~ 8 °C; fruit growth period daytime temperature 25 °C ~ 28 °C, nighttime temperature 10 °C ~ 12 °C; fruit coloring period maximum no more than 30 °C during the day, night 10 °C ~ 15 °C, when the outside temperature at night at 10 °C The film can be removed at ~12°C.
2. Humidity regulation The air relative humidity from the film to the germination is about 70%, the relative humidity at the flowering stage is 50%, the humidity during fruit expansion is 60% to 70%, the humidity during the fruit coloring period is 50%, and the humidity can be controlled by irrigation adjust.
Six, fruit harvesting according to maturity, timely picking, long-term storage or long-distance transportation about 80% harvested when cooked, can not be watered within 10 days before harvesting, harvesting with dew to disappear after the morning mining better, avoiding the hot sun at noon.
1. Variety selection The varieties with short fruit development period, early ripeness, large fruit size, bright color, beautiful taste, pollen, and high yield are used. Purple amber and special early red are commonly used in production. The main cultivars and pollination varieties are arranged in a 5:1 ratio.
2. Planting specifications Greenhouses are planted at a height of 2 meters and 1 meter and are planted 100 centimeters from the northern wall. The southernmost plant is 80 centimeters from the front.
3. Planting and planting ditch depth, width 40 cm, backfill fill the top soil after filling with topsoil, while applying 100 kg of organic fertilizer per manure, 2 kg of compound fertilizer, and planting water after pouring enough water.
Second, tree management
1. The shape of the tree is a spindle-shaped tree with a height of 1 to 1.8 meters, a trunk height of 30 centimeters, a center of 4 to 5 layers, 12 to 15 main branches, parallel growth, uniform distribution, and main branch. The growth angle is 70 degrees to 80 degrees, and the main branch length is 40 centimeters to 70 centimeters, suitable for planting specifications of 2 meters and 1 meter.
2. Summer shears are cut in summer according to the tree shape requirements. Using buds, softening the branches, twisting the tip, and opening angles to control upright branches and prosperous trees, ensure the tree's ventilation and light transmission, and balance the tree potential. After the fruit is harvested, it is appropriately shrunk to the moderate branch in the long branch. There is a tip to keep a new shoot.
3. The winter shears are trimmed with long shoots, mainly sparsely, without flowering branches, cross branches, over dense branches, upright branches on the back, controlling the height of the trees, maintaining the growth of the trees, and improving the ability of the results.
4. Chemical control in the middle and late July of each year, paclobutrazol used to control tree growth, promote flower bud formation, with 15% paclobutrazol 300 times once a day for 7 days, and even spray 3 times.
5. Flowering management flowering assisted pollination. The artificial pollination method, or the use of feather hairpins, or bees and other bee pollination methods are used to ensure the number of fruit set. Thinning of fruit was performed twice, first for 3 weeks after flowering to remove sick fruit, double fruit, small fruit, and dense fruit. The second time in the first five weeks after flowering, the amount of fruit remaining was calculated based on the yield of 2000 kg per acre. The fruits left after fruit thinning were distributed evenly on the shoots.
III. Pest Control
1. Disease Prevention and Control Greenhouse Plums are prone to perforation, and they are sprayed with 5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur before germination and sprayed with 1:4:240 zinc sulfate lime solution every 20 days in summer.
2. Insect pest control 10 days after warming is the locust egg hatching period, spraying 1500 times liquid once again. In the 20 days after the temperature rise and the growth period, the spider mites were controlled and sprayed with 1500 times liquid broom or 2,500 times the amount of Qishaosu. Leaf roller moths were treated with diflubenzuron 1500 times.
IV. Management of fertilizer and water After planting seedlings to survive, a shallow ditch with a width of 20 cm wide and a depth of 5 cm is formed between the rows to form Taitian, which is used for summer drainage, irrigation and fertilization. In the early stage of growth, the fertilizer is chased once every 10 days, and 25 kg each of ammonium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. are applied from the bud to the flowering stage, and 25 kg of urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate are applied during the young fruit period to maturity. After the fruit is harvested, underground nutrients shall be applied for underground fertilization in a timely manner, and 100 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 50 kg of urea shall be applied. In September of each year, organic fertilizer shall be applied to the ditch or tree tray, and the chicken manure and manure will be mainly used for decomposing. 3,000 kg of crude fertilizer, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, 30 kg of urea, and irrigation once after each fertilization. In addition to watering after fertilization in the entire production process, irrigates 1 to 2 times of water according to soil moisture, and cultivating loose soil at any time after irrigation.
Fifth, temperature and humidity control
1. Temperature regulation Plum dormancy period is 40 days to 50 days, need 0 °C ~ 7 °C low temperature 1000 hours ~ 1500 hours, plum litter fall after the beginning of forced dormancy, to meet the need for cooling after warming. The temperature regulation after warming is achieved by switching the ventilation openings and adjusting the size of the ventilation belt. The temperature regulation index of each phenology period in the plum season during the growing season is: 13°C～15°C during the beginning of flowering, 3°C～5°C during the night, and 18°C～20°C during the flowering day, and the maximum cannot exceed 22°C. Nighttime 6 °C ~ 8 °C; fruit growth period daytime temperature 25 °C ~ 28 °C, nighttime temperature 10 °C ~ 12 °C; fruit coloring period maximum no more than 30 °C during the day, night 10 °C ~ 15 °C, when the outside temperature at night at 10 °C The film can be removed at ~12°C.
2. Humidity regulation The air relative humidity from the film to the germination is about 70%, the relative humidity at the flowering stage is 50%, the humidity during fruit expansion is 60% to 70%, the humidity during the fruit coloring period is 50%, and the humidity can be controlled by irrigation adjust.
Six, fruit harvesting according to maturity, timely picking, long-term storage or long-distance transportation about 80% harvested when cooked, can not be watered within 10 days before harvesting, harvesting with dew to disappear after the morning mining better, avoiding the hot sun at noon.