In order to reduce the hydrolysis rate of urea in the rumen and delay the rate of ammonia production, currently more effective methods and products are as follows:
Biuret
When urea is heated to a very high temperature, 2 molecules of urea can be reduced to 1 molecule of biuret. Biuret is hydrolyzed to ammonia in the rumen at a slower rate than urea, and ammonia is released at any time by microorganisms, thus increasing nitrogen availability and resulting in lower likelihood of ammonia poisoning in ruminants than urea.
The protein equivalent of the pure biuret is 255%, and the nitrogen content of the feed grade biuret must not be less than 35%. The nitrogen content from urea must not exceed 7%, and the mineral oil content must not exceed 0.5%. Since urea has a bitter taste and biuret is odorless, the biuret has better palatability than urea. The biuret is hydrolyzed to ammonia in the rumen by the urease enzyme produced by the microorganism. Only when the rumen contains a certain amount of biuret and remains for a period of time, the rumen microorganisms can produce this kind of urease, so if you effectively use shrinkage Urea requires an adaptation period of approximately 6 weeks. If biuret is not added to the diet for several consecutive days, a new adaptation period is required. The biuret that cannot be metabolized in the rumen is excreted in the form of urine.
As a non-protein nitrogen supplement, biuret has the advantage of slower degradation in the rumen, does not cause ammonia poisoning, but its cost is higher than urea, so it is not widely used in ruminant animal production.
Fatty acid urea
Fatty acid urea, also known as fat urea, is a fat film coated with urea, the purpose is to increase energy, improve palatability and reduce urea decomposition rate. The content is generally greater than 30% and is light yellow particles.
Humus (nitro urea)
It is a dark brown powder produced by urea and humic acid at a temperature of 100°C to 150°C at 4:1, containing 24% to 27% nitrogen.
Carboxymethyl cellulose urea
The urea was coated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at a ratio of 1:9, mixed with 20% water to form a paste, granulated (with a diameter of 12.5 mm) and dried at a temperature of 24° C. for 2 hours. The dosage may account for 2% to 5% of the cow diet. In addition, urea can also be added to the tantalum powder for granulation.
Amino Concentrates
Mix with 20% urea, 75% glutinous and 5% bentonite, and make under high temperature, high humidity and high pressure.
Urea phosphate (urea phosphate)
A phosphorus-containing, non-protein nitrogen feed additive developed for foreign countries in the 1970s. Nitrogen 10% to 30%, phosphorus 8% to 19%. The toxicity is lower than urea, and the effect on cattle and sheep and weight gain is obvious.
Ammonium salt
Ammonium salts include inorganic ammonium salts (eg, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium chloride) and organic ammonium salts (eg, ammonium acetate, ammonium propionate, ammonium lactate, ammonium butyrate).
Ammonium sulfate: colorless crystals, soluble in water. Industrial grades are generally white or slightly yellow crystals, and a few are slightly green or dark brown. Nitrogen 20% to 21%, protein equivalent 125%. Ammonium sulfate can be used both as a nitrogen source and a sulfur source. In production, urea is mixed with urea 2:1 to 3:1 for feeding.
Ammonium bicarbonate: White crystals, soluble in water. It can be decomposed into ammonia, carbon dioxide and water when the temperature rises or the temperature changes. Very salty, odor, about 20% to 21% ammonia, 17% nitrogen, protein equivalent 106%.
Ammonium polyphosphate: It is a high-concentration nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer made from ammonia and phosphoric acid. Generally 22% nitrogen, 34.4% P2O5, soluble in water. The protein equivalent is 137% and can be used as a nitrogen and phosphorus source for ruminants.
Liquid ammonia and ammonia
Liquid ammonia, also known as anhydrous ammonia, is generally liquefied from gaseous ammonia, containing 82% nitrogen. Ammonia aqueous ammonia solution, containing 15% to 17% nitrogen, has a pungent odor and can be used to treat feeds such as straw, silage, and dregs.
Incubator is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures. The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity and other conditions such as the CO (CO2) and oxygen content of the atmosphere inside. Incubators are essential for a lot of experimental work in cell biology, microbiology and molecular biology and are used to culture both bacterial as well as eukaryotic cells.
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