Fruit trees consume a lot of nutrients in their full fruit period. After the winter, these fruit trees have entered the period of deciduous leaves, full-bodied branches, and deep differentiation of flower buds. If you want good fruit quality and high yield in the coming year, it is important to do a good job in winter production management. The management points are as follows:
Pruning and pruning: unnecessary branches on fruit trees should be pruned in winter. When pruning, you can see the shape of the tree. If it should be pruned into a conical shape, then trim it into a conical shape; if it should be pruned into a natural happy shape, then prune it into a natural happy shape. Do not force uniformity. Try to save the resulting branch group.
Clean the orchard: Combine pruning in winter to completely remove insect branches, diseased branches, dead branches, dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, and rotten fruits of fruit trees. Take them out of the garden and burn them, which can eliminate many pathogens and pests that spend the winter in these places and reduce the coming year Fruit tree pests occur.
Deep-turning soil: For orchards with shallow soil layers, the orchards that produce fruits at the beginning of 2 to 3 years after planting should be turned into soil to expand the holes, with a depth of 50-60 cm to improve root growth conditions; deep-turning depths of 30 cm for orchards with thick soil layers, It can change the overwintering environmental conditions of pests, make them freeze to death, and achieve the effect of loosening the soil and killing them.
Prevention and control of pests and diseases: Fruit tree pests and diseases enter the dormant period in winter, and timely prevention and control of pests and diseases can greatly reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases in the fruit tree growing season in the coming year, which can really double the result with half the effort.
Generally, you need to do the following tasks: scrape the rough bark of the trunk, the rough bark on the trunk and main branches of the fruit tree, and the peeling bark are the places where pests hibernate. When scraping, the underside of the trunk should be covered with plastic film, and the rough bark should be scraped off with a sharp knife. Old bark and warped bark, which are taken out of the garden and burned together, are effective measures to eradicate overwintering pests. Whitening and applying whitening agent on the trunk can kill a variety of germs and pests, prevent pests from infecting the trunk, and restore Can prevent freezing damage. The formula of the whitening agent is: 0.5 kg of lime, 0.5 kg of salt, 0.2 kg of veterinary oil, 0.5 kg of lime sulfur mixture, 0.5 kg of clay, and 18 kg of water. After mixing, apply the trunk. The whitening position is mainly at the base of the trunk, and the height is about 1 meter, when applying from top to bottom, the effect of applying the pesticide before the pest lays eggs is ***; spraying, spraying in time in the garden and outside the garden where weeds grow densely, where there are many dead branches and leaves, has a very good effect. For a good control effect, it can be sprayed with 2.5% hydrogen bromide polyester, Baume 4 to 5 degree lime sulfur mixture, 0.3% sodium pentachlorophenate, and 50% carbendazim 100 to 200 times liquid.
Winter planting green manure: The winter planting green manure is mainly yellow flower or safflower seeds, peas and broad beans. It is pressed in spring to greatly improve the soil water absorption, fertilizer absorption, water retention, and fertilizer retention capabilities, and promote high quality and high yield of fruits.
It is not too late to apply basal fertilizer in winter, and fruit trees can still produce high yield
At present, some orchards have fallen leaves and are bare. Some fruit growers think that in orchards that have fallen leaves in the early stage, fertilization is a bit late now, and the application in winter and spring is the same. Is this view correct?
Considering the photosynthesis of leaves, the best time to apply basal fertilizer is indeed missed, but this is not the case. Whether it is an orchard with no deciduous leaves or an orchard with severe early deciduous leaves, it is better to apply fertilizer later than the next year because of the storage of the tree. Organic nutrients mainly come from the nutrient accumulation of leaf photosynthesis, but leaf photosynthesis is not the only source of organic nutrients.
Those with professional knowledge know that the root system of fruit trees has seven major functions. In addition to the three important functions of fixed support, absorption and transportation, and storage, it can also synthesize more than 20 amino acids, adenosine triphosphate, phospholipids, nucleotides, nucleoproteins, and excitement. Important substances such as vegetarian, these substances are required for the life activities of fruit trees. According to expert research, in addition to the photosynthetic nutrients transported by the leaves, 20% to 25% of the nutrients stored in the tree are derived from the synthesis of the root system.
In orchards with severe leaf decay, the leaves have no ability to produce organic nutrients through photosynthesis, and the synthesis and transformation of roots has been elevated from secondary to primary. Although the synthesis of organic nutrients is not as much as leaves, it is also extremely valuable.
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