At the turn of autumn and winter, it is the critical period of fruit picking. At present, apples and oranges in most areas of our country have entered the fruit-picking period. Fruit farmers are also managing the orchard during the busy period of fruit-picking. From clearing the orchard to maintenance, a whole circle of work has created a good future for the fruit trees in the coming year. Growth environment. Since orchard management is very important, what to care about? How to manage? This issue will introduce readers from the aspects of garden cleaning, maintenance, and fertilization for reference.
Clean up dead branches and leaves, the orchard needs "beauty"
Cleaning the litter of the orchard is one of the main overwintering places for many diseases and insects, such as apple brown spot, spotted leaf disease, pear scab, etc., which are all on the damaged leaves, dead branches, diseased branches, and dead fruit. Overwintering. Therefore, after the fruit tree defoliation is finished, the fallen leaves, fallen branches, and fruits are thoroughly cleaned, buried or directly fertilized, or taken out of the orchard and burned to eliminate the overwintering pests on the litter and leaves, which can greatly reduce the number of pests in the coming year.
Cut off pests and diseases on branches. Many pests, such as white rot, pear anthracnose, peach brown rot, etc., are hung on the branches for a long time. They should be removed in combination with pruning, cut off and burned collectively to reduce their occurrence. Has a very good effect. At the same time, reasonable pruning can adjust the load of the tree body, improve the ventilation and light conditions, and promote the healthy growth of fruit trees, which can significantly improve the resistance of fruit trees to diseases and insects and reduce their harm.
Deep planing tree trays There are many overwintering pests lurking in the soil under the canopy, such as peach heartworm, pear heartworm, jujube looper, etc., which overwinter in the soil under the tree disk. Therefore, deep planing the tree tray before freezing on the soil can directly kill some pests. At the same time, some of the pests that were originally hidden in the soil can be exposed by turning over and be preyed by natural enemies or be frozen to death.
To prevent diseases, kill insects and protect leaves, fruit trees need to be "healthy"
Avoid early fall of leaves. It is very important to prevent diseases, kill insects and protect leaves after harvest, because there are still some insects in the garden after harvesting that damage leaves, and there are also some diseases that cause falling leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to use some fungicides and insecticides to prevent diseases and insects. Do not let the leaves fall off in advance. The amount of nutrients stored in the tree during this period determines the cold resistance of the fruit tree in winter and the disease resistance of the fruit tree in the second year. The more nutrients are stored, the better the cold resistance and disease resistance of the fruit tree in the second year.
Improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves to replenish macro-elements and medium-trace elements. The symptoms of zinc and iron deficiency in fruit trees in the second year are all due to too little nutrient accumulation in the previous year, and the fruit trees will not have much during the budding process in the second year. After the nutrient accumulation is consumed quickly, some diseases will appear. Therefore, after the leaves are fallen, special attention should be paid to supplementing the nutrition of the fruit tree, especially the supplement of the trace elements. If it is not supplemented, the nutrient deficiency will soon appear in the second year.
Remember to fertilize when picking fruit, fruit trees need "nutrition"
The fertilization period should be after fruit picking for early-maturing species and robust trees, while for late-maturing species, vulnerable trees and trees with a lot of fruit in the year, it should be applied 10 days or half a month before fruit picking. For example, the application period of winter jujube should be earlier than other fruit trees. a little. Compared with other deciduous fruit trees, Dongzao has the characteristics of late budding and early deciduous leaves.
Fertilizer amount to nutrient ratio Fertilizer amount varies with tree species and strains, but it must reflect the same important principles as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Taking peach trees as an example, the nutrient ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.6:1, and the appropriate amount of nitrogen per plant is about 0.2-0.3 kg. The ratio of persimmon trees to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements is 1:0.35:0.8, which shows that persimmon trees have a greater demand for nitrogen. In the litchi production area, there is a general phenomenon of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and neglect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer. For this reason, in this fertilization, special attention should be paid to the balanced application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, as well as the supplementary application of calcium, magnesium and trace elements.
Fertilization depth Different types of causal trees have different fertilization depths. Winter jujube is a shallow-rooted fruit tree with a depth of 40 cm. The appropriate ditch depth for apple circular fertilization is 50-60 cm. The radiant fertilization canopy edge is ditched inward by 50 cm. Persimmon has deep roots and underdeveloped lateral roots. The depth should be between 60 and 80 cm; for peach tree furrow or circular application, the depth should be between 40 and 50 cm.
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