Non-polluted tea is a scientific term that refers to the fact that this tea does not contain pollutants, or even if it has a small amount of pollutants, it is lower than the allowable standard set by China, and it is not harmful to consumers. Therefore, it is a general term for tea that meets food safety. .
In the development of pollution-free tea production, there have been names such as green food tea, organic iron Guanyin tea organic tea and low residual tea. In fact, they all belong to pollution-free tea. Green food is a general term for non-polluting safe and high-quality nutritious foods in China. It is divided into two grades, A and AA. The Ministry of Agriculture and the provincial green food management offices conduct environmental testing and quality certification for the production sites. The validity period of the certificates is three. Year; low-residue tea was proposed in the past few years to develop a new maximum residue (MRL) standard for pesticides in the European Union; organic tea is a kind of organic food, and the unit recognized by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) Qualified for certification, China's organic tea is approved and tested by the Organic Food Development Center of the State Environmental Protection Agency and its approved Organic Tea Development Center (in the Tea Research Institute of Hangzhou Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences). The certificate is valid for no more than one year, the second year. It must be re-examined and certified. Green food AA grade tea is similar to organic tea.
Pollution-free tea production technology
Pollution-free tea is an inevitable requirement for tea consumption in the future. The implementation of the production and management of pollution-free tea has become a new technology that must be mastered by the majority of tea producers.
(1) Strict selection of land to build a new park The water, atmosphere and soil tests are carried out before the construction of the barren hills to prepare for the construction of the park, to ensure that the conditions of the tea garden meet the requirements for the production of pollution-free tea, and the place where the air, soil and water sources are not polluted, around the tea garden 5 Within a kilometer, there must be no factories or mines that discharge harmful substances, and it is more than 1 km away from the general production of tea gardens, field crops, and residential areas, and there are isolation belts.
(II) Introduction of seedlings to be quarantined When introducing seedlings such as tea seedlings, tea seeds and ear resources from other places, they must be introduced after quarantine approval by the phytosanitary department to prevent invasive pests and diseases that are not found in the field but not in the local area. .
(III) Standardizing the construction of the base When constructing a pollution-free tea garden base for a certain basic tea garden, the organic iron Guanyin tea must first select the tea garden and the surrounding environment to meet the standard requirements, and conduct water source, atmosphere and soil testing to obtain quantitative data. Secondly, when implementing the transformation of the existing low- and medium-yield tea gardens, it must be operated according to the technical regulations of “three reforms and one subsidyâ€, namely “changing gardens, changing soils, rebuilding trees and replenishing plants and planting plantsâ€, with soil and water conservation as the center. To achieve the three major benefits of society, economy and ecology, we will carry out unified planning and comprehensive management of landscape garden roads.
(4) Rational fertilization of tea seedlings before and after transplanting, mainly applying organic fertilizers, and strictly controlling the use of inorganic fertilizers; commercial organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers without synthetic chemical regulators produced by the relevant departments must be used for registration. It is industrial pollution-free, and after high-temperature fermentation, it kills various parasites and pathogens and weed seeds, removes harmful organic acids and harmful gases; in the production season, it can use a small amount of chlorine-free quick-acting fertilizer, and the application amount of chemical fertilizer must not exceed 20% of the total fertilizer application in the year.
(5) Comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases
l Strengthen agricultural control. The pest control of pollution-free tea gardens should be based on agricultural control. Organic Tieguanyin tea can improve the resistance of tea trees and reduce the occurrence and harm of pests and diseases. 1 The tea tree varieties with high resistance to pests and diseases, thick cuticles and high tea tannins are strong in resistance to diseases and insects. 2 Reasonable close planting, using single row double or double row single plant, planting about 3000 plants per mu. 3 trim at the right time. According to different tree potentials, light pruning is carried out at the end of the annual tea season or before the spring tea, and after the end of the spring tea, heavy pruning or shovel is carried out, and at the same time, the weak branches, the diseased branches and the long branches are cut. 4 balanced fertilization. According to the ratio of the production of tea and soil fertility, the ratio of N, P and K is reasonable, maintaining the nutritional balance of tea trees and enhancing the ability to resist pests and diseases. 5 cultivating and weeding. 6 batches were picked several times. 7 Winter Garden closed the park. At the end of the tea season, the litter and the weeds around the tea garden and the tea plantation should be cleaned out or buried in the garden. At the same time, a 0.5-1.0 Baume stone sulphur mixture should be sprayed to seal the garden to reduce the disease. The wintering base of insects will reduce the harm in the coming year.
2. Promote biological control. The use of natural enemy insects, insect pathogenic bacteria, agricultural antibiotics and other anti-formulations to control tea tree pests and diseases is conducive to maintaining ecological balance. For example, the use of Beauveria bassiana "871" to control the tea stalk weevil, tea caterpillar virus "8010" control tea caterpillar, Webbe sphaeroides control black thorn powder, coconut garden cockroaches, kill scales control tea ruler, Tianba prevention Tea small green leaf carp, agricultural anti-101 to control cloud leaf blight.
3. Reasonable chemical control. Designate a person to be responsible for the monitoring and forecasting of tea garden pests and diseases. In the early stage of the occurrence of pests and diseases, timely select high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue, organic Tieguanyin tea for the safety of tea trees and natural enemies, and reduce the amount of pesticides to a minimum to prevent and control. Use highly toxic, highly toxic, high-residue pesticides, follow the principle of alternating rotation and compounding, and improve the spraying techniques and methods to improve the spraying effect.
(6) Pay attention to tea processing and packaging
Strictly require processing equipment and environmental sanitation, no pollution, prohibit the use of chemical additives such as pigments, preservatives, quality improvers, etc., to prevent harmful metals including lead, tin, manganese and cadmium and other metal materials as processing tools, use oxygen, odorless, non-toxic, no Contaminated packaging materials, in addition to the above metals, packaging, storage and other distribution media, mercury, arsenic, copper, etc. should also be eliminated, while strict monitoring of harmful bacteria such as E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria, aflatoxin, etc. The occurrence of the situation makes it fully in line with the testing standards of pollution-free tea.
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