Since the quality of Rex rabbit fur is greatly influenced by the season (such as in the hot season, the plush growth is sparse, the skin is easily damaged, and it is not easy to store), it is generally chosen to slaughter and take skin in the winter, that is, from December to February of the following year. When the fur is clean, rich hair, good gloss, high quality fur and easy to store.
Now is the time for the rabbit hides. How can we get high quality rabbit fur? Bai Guoyong, a rabbit breeding expert at the Provincial Animal Husbandry Academy, told us that in addition to daily careful feeding, corresponding technical measures must be implemented in the aspects of skin-peeling, fresh-skin treatment, and custody.
Strengthen feed nutrition
Feed and nutrition are the most prone to problems in production. Uniform nutrition standards, scientific design of feed formulas, and strict control of raw material quality are the “three keys†to ensure feed quality and nutrition. In this regard, we remind everyone that in a rabbit farm that does not have formula design technology and raw material control and purchasing power, it is better to use commercial feed with higher reputation. This may be more economical than its own ingredients and it will work better.
Rex rabbits need both long meat and skin care, which requires a higher level of nutrition. It is recommended to use 11.3 MJ/kg of digestive energy, 18%-20% of crude protein, 2%-3% of crude fat, 1% of calcium, 0.5% of phosphorus, 1% of lysine, and 0.9% of cystine.
In order to obtain high-quality rex rabbits, soybeans, cystine, or a small amount of sulfur are added to the diet one month before slaughter, which can improve fur quality. According to German rabbit-raising experts, three weeks before slaughter of rabbits, protein feeds such as soybeans, alfalfa and sunflower cake were added to the diet to improve its quality.
Master hide time
Repelling hides mainly include the skin age and the hide season.
According to the law of normal physiological hair change in rabbits at different growth stages, the rabbit's skin age is determined. The young rabbits had their first hair change from the 6th week after birth and the hair replacement lasted for 70 days. At the age of 4.5 months, the second hair replacement began. At this time, the hair replacement and hair loss were the most serious. The entire body hair of the rabbit was sparse, uneven, and the buttocks and the body side were particularly severe. The hair replacement was about 50 days. . Around the age of 6 months, after the second hair-coating is completed, the hairs enter into a mature period, and the hair roots grow firmly and are not easy to fall off. At the same time, the skin is mature, flexible, resilient and flexible, and the area of ​​the sheet increases. The quality of the board skin around 6-8 months old is obviously better than that of 3 or 4 months old slaughter. If the skin is improperly picked, it will result in low quality rabbit skin, hair removal, poor grade, low processing efficiency, and failure to grade. Low economic value. In order to improve the grade and economic efficiency of rabbit skin, it is necessary to pay attention to the skin age of the rabbit skin. It is ideal for 6-8 months of ageing, but the time of concentrated skin production is 4.5 months.
Like other animals, rabbit coat quality is significantly affected by the season. One is that rabbits have seasonal hair changes and hair loss; the other is that hair follicle development is affected by temperature. During the summer and autumn when the temperature is relatively high, seasonal hair changes occur in rabbits and some hair follicles are in a dormant state. Therefore, the rabbit hair is not only sparse but is not firmly rooted and is easily detached; in winter and spring, the temperature decreases. Most rabbits end hair exchange and enter hair growth and maturity, and hair follicles develop well. At this time, thick and thick hairy hair, hairs are neat, shiny and lint-free, which is the best season to obtain high-quality rabbit skin. The best season for picking is from December to March of the following year.
For this reason, to improve the grade of rabbit skin, it is necessary to consider comprehensively the best skin age and the season of skin collection, and make reasonable arrangements and operations. This is the key to obtaining excellent rabbit skin.
Skin basic method
Rex rabbits have precious furs. In order to reduce fur pollution and protect fur, they should be sacrificed at the time of slaughter and then stripped and then bled.
The first is to be executed. At present, neck displacement is commonly used for execution. This method is simple and easy, that is, with one hand to grasp the two hind legs, the other thumb to hold the rabbit ears behind the heel of the brain, the other four fingers hold down the lower jaw, and then both hands and force a pull, so that the rabbit head twisted back Can cause cervical dislocation death.
Followed by skinning. Immediately after the death of Rex rabbits, peeling should be performed (skinning technique is the same as for meat rabbits).
Again the carcass is handled. In order to prevent the corpse from becoming stiff after being put to death for a long time, it is difficult to bled, and blood is taken immediately after being sacrificed and stripped. First cut the abdominal cavity with a knife along the ventral midline, then cut the pubic symphysis, separate the genitourinary organs and rectum, remove all internal organs; cut the rabbit's head at the anterior cervical spine; cut the hind foot at the ankle; at the wrist Cut off the forefoot; cut off the tail at the first vertebrae. Finally clean the blood and dirt on the carcass with clean water.
Scientific treatment of fresh skin
The fresh skin treatment directly affects the quality of the rabbit's skin. Slaughtered peeled skin contains a lot of water, protein, bacteria and various enzymes. If it is not properly treated in time, the light affects the quality of the fur products, and severe cases can lead to spoilage, hair removal, mildew, and insects. Loss of processing value becomes waste.
Fresh skin treatment is first used to clear the skin, remove the rabbit skin (called blood skin), remove the contaminated parts of the head and limbs, and carefully scrape away muscle and fat connective tissue remaining on the skin. Otherwise, fresh skin easily breeds microorganisms, causing mildew, hair removal, rot, and spoilage of the skin, and it also affects the next step in processing.
In order to prevent fresh skin from spoiling and deteriorating and prevent galls from appearing in the storage period, it is also necessary to perform antiseptic and disinfestation treatment in time. The main methods of fresh skin treatment are drying and salting.
Drying is a simple method of preservation that reduces the moisture in the skin and prevents bacterial activity. The dry skin made by this method is called sweet dry skin or light dry skin. The specific method is to apply or spray insecticides (all pesticides that can kill arthropods) in the peeled holster (mao surface), mainly to prevent all kinds of insects from invading and contaminating the skin. . Then promptly spread the leather cover (hair inward) in a cool, dry and ventilated place with a bamboo or wooden support arch so that the skin can be quickly dried. It is also possible to cut the holster from the midline of the abdomen and put it into a rectangular shape, affixed to the cardboard and dried. When plastic skinning, do not stretch hard to widen, in order to avoid deformation of the skin, resulting in hair is thin, uneven thickness, but it must try to paste flat, nailed.
Note that in the drying process, the overlap of the leather surface and the hair surface is forbidden, and the sun exposure should not be allowed to prevent the skin board from cracking or being melted by the residual grease; preventing the artificial skin from being scratched or stabbed.
Salting method is most commonly used in production, especially for large batches of slaughtered skins in high temperature and high humidity seasons or regions. The mechanism is that salt can cause hypertonic environment, drain skin moisture, inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction, so as to achieve the purpose of preservation. The specific method is to soak the fresh skin with a 40%-50% salt solution for several days, then shake off the salt, drain the brine, and put it in a cool, dry, ventilated place for drying or directly used for processing.
The advantage of the salting method is that the board skin has a strong antiseptic effect and is easy to operate. It can prevent the rabbit skin fiber from sticking and breaking in the drying process, and it is not easy to be corrupted when exposed to moisture, and is less damaged by the moth when stored. The disadvantage is that in the drying process of the salted skin, the bundle of collagen fibers is shortened, and there is residual salt in the skin, which has a certain influence on the natural structure of the dermis.
Save rabbit skin properly
Rex rabbit skin is easy to absorb moisture, perishable and perishable. After the antiseptic treatment, the dry skin after drying shall be inspected in time, and the hair shall be inspected according to the grade, hair color and size, and each 10 or 50 sheets of board to board shall be bundled, packed in wooden boxes, and sprayed in a certain amount. Insecticide storage storage. The warehouse should be ventilated, dry, insulated, and damp-proof. If it is not properly kept, once it recovers, heats and molds, the skin will appear white or green-brown and the local discoloration, resulting in purple hair and blackened plate quality. . The optimum relative humidity in the warehouse is 50%-60%, and it is best to maintain the temperature at about 10 degrees Celsius. The moisture content in the raw hide should be kept at about 12.0%. Hierarchical stacking, light dry plate and salt dry plate separate, keep a certain distance between the enthalpy and enthalpy, in order to facilitate ventilation, heat dissipation and moisture. The board should be sprinkled with fine naphthalene powder, chlorinated benzene and other insect repellent, and the inspection should be conducted 2-3 times per month. The phenomenon of dampness, mildew, or insect infestation should be found and should be dealt with promptly. For storage and storage of rabbit skin, attention should also be paid to the damage of rabbit skin caused by rodents and humans.
Breeding rabbit can benefit
Five breeding features
Rex rabbits have the characteristics of good hair quality, multi-color, low investment, strong breeding, and good meat quality.
Good hair quality: The characteristics of the coat are short, fine, dense, flat, beautiful, and tight. The whole body is dense and bright with short hairs, with an average of 1.4-1.8 million per square centimeter and a hair length of only 1.2-1.3 cm. The average fineness is 16-18 mm. It is upright and soft. It has good elasticity, is not easy to fall off, and has strong insulation.
More colors: Now we have bred more than 20 kinds of beautiful rabbits with natural colors. For example: white rex rabbit, black rex rabbit, chocolate rex rabbit, blue rex rabbit and so on.
Less investment: Rex rabbits are herbivores, the beverages are dominated by green materials, fine materials are supplemented, and feeding costs are low.
Breeding strong: Rex rabbits have strong reproductive ability. A female rabbit has 4 fetuses per year and 6-7 fetuses per year.
Good meat quality: Rex rabbits are strong and powerful limbs, and they are sensitive. They slaughter at the age of 4-5 months, weighing about 2.5 kg, and have a high meat yield and meat quality.
Increasing demand for fur
Rex rabbits look promising in the international market. At present, South Korea, Japan, Europe and the United States market and China's Hong Kong region need more than one million rabbits per year, and there are increasing trends year by year. There are more than 500,000 vacancies in China, with an annual output of about 400,000 pieces of leather, of which 300,000 are exported and 100,000 are sold domestically.
Rex rabbit skin has beautiful deep color, thick and soft skin, good air permeability, rich natural color, it is a precious raw material for making clothes, clothing, toys, high-rising decorations, especially women's clothing. High economic value. Xiapi, small and medium-sized rabbit skins, etc., can be used for leather tanning, which greatly improves its comprehensive utilization value. Rabbit skin can be made into glove leather, garment leather, shoe upper leather, etc. Its texture is soft, good elasticity, good toughness, and strong air permeability. In recent years, the development of rabbit leather products has received good results and the prospects are promising.
It is understood that the price of each rex rabbit skin in Chengdu in the recent 35-40 yuan, compared with some time ago has risen.
Benefits come from quality
Experts believe that there are still irregular behaviors in the circulation of rex rabbits. Since there are only a handful of production units that produce more than 10,000 rex rabbits a year in China, the scattered production methods of millions of households still rely on vendors to purchase. When the market is hot, they tend to lower their standards and compete to snap up. In particular, the phenomenon of panic buying occurs before and after the Spring Festival every year. When the market is unmarketable, no one cares. Therefore, we must grasp the timing of the production of rabbits that have already been produced and try to protect their own interests.
Experts pointed out that the market for Rex rabbits is a quality-centered market. With quality, there are markets and benefits. As long as the quality of rex rabbits is improved, rabbits that meet the requirements of quality standards will be prolific, and the share of high-quality skin will be increased. In particular, special attention will be paid to optimizing the special formula for rex rabbits, and the nutritional indicators will be adjusted and controlled, and on the basis of no increase in cost or less increase, efforts will be made. High quality suede. In this way, it is also ensured that the breeders, operators and processors have reasonable profits. This is the goal of win-win situation and the common expectation.
[Related Links] Rabbit Skin Rating
Only fine rabbits can produce high-grade rex rabbits. The quality of Rex rabbit skin depends on several aspects:
First, the average density of ordinary rabbit skins is only 9,000 to 12,000 per square centimeter, while the high-grade rex rabbits have more than 18,000 per square centimeter.
The second is that the gross rate of coarse hair is high in ordinary rex rabbits, and that of rex rabbits is low in quality. At present, the high-grade Rex rabbit skin tends to develop without coarse hair. For example, at the sixth age of the Rex Rabbit, the coarse hair rate was only 2.6%.
Third, the length of the fineness of the ordinary rabbit showed coarse villi length than the difference is larger, coarse hair is shorter, does not highlight the hair surface, the entire hair surface is smooth and tidy, cool silky, soft and beautiful appearance.
Fourth, the size of the skin flap leather, ordinary Rex rabbit skin is generally less than 0.09 square meters, while the high-grade Rex rabbit skin flap requirements of 0.1111 square meters or more; insufficient fur quality will also reduce the level of skin. Practice has proved that only if the live rabbit weighs more than 2.85 kg, the rabbit skin area can reach 0.1111 square meters.
Thus, Rex rabbit skin is roughly divided into three grades.
First grade skin: good cortex, rich and even hair, pure, light, no hair, hair surface, no spine, no major parts of the disability, the entire skin area of ​​1100 square centimeters; secondary skin: good cortex, The hair is even, the pure color of the coat is lighter than the smooth, the back hair is slightly exposed and the hair is not fluffy, the plush is still abundant, and the skin is clean. The total area of ​​the skin is 1,100 square centimeters. There are two or more holes in the secondary area; or the quality is the same as that of the primary skin, but the area is about 900 square centimeters, and it is also designated as secondary skin.
Third grade leather: The cortex is better, the villi are slightly empty, less smooth, and the coat is pure. With one or two skin area, but there are no more than 3.3 square centimeters of three holes; or the same quality as the first and second skin, and an area of ​​700 centimeters, as the third skin.
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