Modern fruit tree cultivation is mainly dwarf and dense planting. It uses artificial and chemical control to dwarf the trees and increase the number of fruit trees planted per unit area in order to greatly increase the yield. The main points of apple dwarf dense planting management are as follows: Increasing the planting density The dwarfing anvil grafted apple tree canopy volume is smaller than the apple tree canopy volume of Qiaohua anvil grafting. The dwarfing apple tree yield per plant is lower than that of the Qiaohua stocking apple tree. Therefore, the dwarfing apple tree planting must be based on Different dwarfing rootstocks and different types of short-stemmed varieties are appropriate to increase the planting density and to conduct reasonable close planting. For example, the M26 interstock apple tree can generally be cultivated with 80 to 100 strains, and the M7 interstocked apple tree with 50 to 60 strains per acre is suitable. 2. The tall tree-dwarf dense planting apple trees that are not suitable for multi-branches have high planting densities, leading to the main contradiction that the tree has limited growth space and the number of branches and leaves for planting trees is too high and the growth rate is too fast. Therefore, sparse layers should not be used for pruning and shaping. Tree-shaped, but using a spindle-shaped, elongated spindle, or modified spindle-shaped tree. No matter which kind of spindle-shaped tree, its structural characteristics are main branch without side branch. When pruning the tree, pay attention to the size of the crown and try to increase the number of main branches. As the main branches increase and there are no side branches, it is necessary to prevent the growth potential of the main branches from growing stronger than that of the center stems. Do not make the main branches of the tree grow and the rent increase too fast so as not to affect the growth of the center stem. The branches on each branch should be reduced. The method of pruning should be based on light shearing and less cutting. When pruning in winter, the main branches of young trees may not be cut. 3. Pay attention to the timely update of the planting density of rejuvenated dwarf dense planting apple trees. However, the light conditions in the orchard are not as good as those of the Joe anvil tree plantation. Therefore, if the supply of fertilizer and water is slightly insufficient, the tree vigor is easily weakened. If the varieties are short-stemmed varieties, management can not keep up, and trees are more prone to premature aging. Due to the above reasons, after the tree enters the full fruit period, some of the trees bloom to the top, and special attention must be paid to the timely renewal of pruning. In the management of fertilizers and waters, nutrition and water supply must be guaranteed. When pruning, it is necessary to pay attention to adjusting the tree vigor to make it balanced. It is necessary to maintain the growth potential of the center, delay aging, and extend the economic life of the tree. 4. Improve lighting conditions and enhance leaf photosynthetic efficiency Dwarf planting in densely planted apple trees with multiple branches, multiple branches and many leaves, therefore, should take a variety of measures to improve light conditions and enhance leaf photosynthetic efficiency. To this end, winter cuts should be given to young children, and sparse cuts should be made during the summer if necessary. Timely and appropriate adjustment of the tree structure to increase the effective leaf area factor should also reduce the shading from around the orchard. When constructing an orchard in a mountain area, it is necessary to build a garden in an open area in sunny areas. It is better to plant trees in the north and south rows and form rectangular cuttings. The spacing should be greater than the distance between the rows in order to extend the lighting time and enhance the photosynthetic efficiency. After proper thinning of branches and leaves, premature leaf decay or shedding should be prevented to ensure that the photosynthetic efficiency in the late growth stage is still good.
Standardized Herbal Extract
A standardized herbal extract is an herb extract that has one or more components present in a specific, guaranteed amount, usually expressed as a percentage. The intention behind the standardization of herbs is to guarantee that the consumer is getting a product in which the chemistry is consistent from batch to batch. This practice has developed out of the drug model of herbal medicine, in which modern scientists have attempted to identify the components of a plant that have definite pharmacological activity in the body. Unfortunately, while scientists can isolate many constituents from an herb and discover how particular chemicals may act in the body, they inadvertently remove or overlook components that may contribute to the activity of the whole herb. Consequently, standardization may concentrate one constituent at the expense of other potentially important ones, while changing the natural balance of the herb`s components.
Standardized Herbal Extract
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