Abstract This article describes the main technical methods of aquaculture in fish cages. First, select the fish pond that meets the requirements, then do a good job of designing the cage structure, setting up the cages, and managing the release of the species, and pay attention to disease prevention and control.
Key words Fish pond, Astragalus membranaceus, Cultured astragalus mongolica ((Mononptterusal bus (Zuiew)), also known as carp, is a subtropical freshwater fish that is distributed throughout Jiangxi and is a major food fish in China and is well received by domestic and foreign consumers. Welcome, due to various reasons, the resources of wild astragalus have been greatly reduced.At present, breeding cages are a relatively new type of aquaculture technology and have become a new hot spot in culture methods. Jiangxi has only started in the last two years, such as the five-star cultivation in Nanchang City. Farms, Nanchang City Aquaculture Farm, Nanchang County, Nanxin Town, and other places, the use of fish pond cage culture of astragalus have been successful, and achieved significant economic benefits.Fish pond cage breeding Astragalus, with less occupied water surface, less disease, high survival rate It has the advantages of rapid growth, easy raising, easy catching, etc. The main technical methods are discussed as follows:
First, the choice of fish pond fish pond cage cultured jaundice, is to set the cage in the ideal fish pond. Astragalus has a strong adaptability to the environment and is benthic life. It is plentiful in shallow water with more humus.
The fish pond is a habitat for cage culture of Astragalus membranaceus. The environmental conditions are good and will directly affect the growth of Astragalus membranaceus. The fish ponds of Astragalus membranaceus cultured in cages are required to meet the conditions of the refined fish ponds:
1. The topography of the fish pond is slightly higher, the leeward sun is sunny, the surrounding environment is quiet, the water source is sufficient, the water quality is good, and it is not polluted.
2. The shape of the fish pond should be as rectangular as possible, with an aspect ratio of 2:1 or 3:2.
3. The direction of the fishpond is from east to west. This will increase the sunshine time in the fish pond, and it will have sufficient dissolved oxygen. It will be beneficial to the photosynthesis of phytoplankton in the fish pond. It will maintain a certain degree of fatness in the astragalus aquaculture pond, which is beneficial to the supply of dissolved oxygen due to the main source of dissolved oxygen. Photosynthesis of phytoplankton in water. When the dissolved oxygen in water is more than 3mg/L, the activity of jaundice is normal, and it is also beneficial to the growth and reproduction of zooplankton cladocera and copepod in the fish pond, and increases the food intake of zooplankton in the pond. East-west is good for sheltering, which can reduce the wind waves between the north and the south and flush the fish bowl and the cage.
4. The area of ​​the fish pond is suitable for about 5 mu, the depth of the pond is 3m, the water depth is 2-2.5m; there is no sundries in the water, and the transparency is 15-20cm. The bottom of the fish pond should be flat and slightly inclined toward the drainage direction; the fish pond should be drained and drained naturally to avoid string irrigation. Prevent disease transmission.
5. There is ample source of animal feed and it is the basis for the development of eels.
6. The pond is better protected with cement or stones.
7. The horizontal and vertical directions of the pool should have a width of 2m to facilitate the manual operation.
Second, cage design
1. The cage structure requires good quality, dense mesh, medium-sized open mouth type. The area of ​​the cage is about 20m2. The cage is 5.4m long, 3.4m wide and 1.0m high. The water part is 0.4m and the underwater part is 0.6m. The minimum required for cage setup is 1.5m above water depth. The newly made cages must be soaked in water for three to five days. After the harmful substances disappear, they can be stocked.
2. The cage set box is fixed in the water with a bracket, the bracket is bamboo and angle iron, the cage is suspended on the bracket, and the four corners of the cage are connected to the upper and lower pulleys of the bracket, so that the cage is lifted, cleaned, caught, and meshed. The inhabiting environment of the earthworms in the box changes with the change of the water level, and the width between the boxes is 1.5m. A total of 26 cages were installed in a 2100m2 fine fishpond in the Taoxi Aquatic Production Team of the Nanchang Aquaculture Farm, with a total area of ​​520m2.
Third, the breeding and feeding of quail species
1. The species selection is a very important part. Careful purchase, breeding, breeding, and breeding are all used for artificial rearing or cage harvesting. The alfalfa requirements are bright, healthy, disease-free, and free to swim. The best time is at the end of March or early April.
After dressing the fishpond, 15 days before the seedlings are planted, select the sunny days to disinfect the quicklime clearing ponds. The pool must have accumulated 8-10cm of water, and the amount of quicklime is 50-70kg per mu. The purchased species were sterilized with 3-4% saline for 15 minutes and then placed in a cage.
2. The amount of stocking and breeding should be moderate. Observe the changes in the water quality in the fish pond, that is, the plankton biomass. Generally, 1.5 kg of earthworm species per square meter is put on the ground, with an average of 25 g per tail. When the species are purchased in different sizes, they must be of the same size when placed in cages, so as to avoid differences in growth due to different ingestion abilities.
Fourth, feeding and management
1. Water management Keep the water level stable. In summer, pay attention to the sunstroke prevention work of the yellow peony. The water level should not be too shallow. To prevent the water temperature from being too high and affect the growth of the jaundice, put the Alternanthera philoxeroides and Eichhornia crassipes into the cage. Eichhornia crassis, water plants like Pistia stratiotes can effectively avoid the heat. Change the water in about 7 days in spring and autumn, change the water in about 3 days in summer, change the water volume to 1/2 to 1/3 of the whole pool, reduce the temperature of pool water in winter, and stop the ingestion of Huangqi, enter hibernation, and immediately perform antifreeze overwintering work. At the time, the water level should be shallow to keep the water level at about 1.2m deep, and a plastic film should be placed on the cage to prevent wind and cold.
2. Reasonable feeding and feeding amount should be determined according to the type of feed, water temperature, water quality and feeding conditions. The cages should be fed with low values ​​of small fish, snail meat, fly maggots and pupa. It is generally based on the food intake of Astragalus day. Tests, such as long-term use of a single feed, easy to produce antifeedant when changing the feed. In the time of artificial breeding, domestication work should be carried out from the very beginning. Huang Yugang has no need to feed baits within 2-3 days after entering the pool. Due to changes in the environment, the yellow locust will be suitable for a new environmental process. Gradually increase, after bait end, according to "four set" (quality, quantitative, timing, positioning) feeding. Due to the yellow pipa hikers burrowing during the day and feeding at night, they must be fed in the early evening and they should be fed a total of 6-7% bait per day. The bait should be cleared in the next day. About 15 days or so, the Astragalus membranaceus adapts to the environment of the box, and then the feeding time is divided into two times. Every day at 8 am and 6 pm, the number of feedings should be adhered to every day, because when the food is seriously lacking, the Astragalus will eat each other. When the water temperature drops below 10°C, Nanchang area can generally stop feeding at the end of November. When the water temperature is 20-28°C, the astragalus ingests vigorously. When the water temperature exceeds 29°C, the food intake also decreases, so the water temperature is below 20°C or 29°C. It only needs to be fed once every evening.
V. Disease Prevention Net cages After two years of observation, the author believes that the following aspects should be noted: Farming fish ponds should be cleaned, disinfected, and bred to be stocked; fresh fish should be thrown in, and rot-deteriorated bait should not be thrown; Observe the ingestion and activity status of Astragalus, and timely remove the diseased disease and diagnose the drug treatment.
In cages, rot disease (Putrid-skin) disedse mainly occurs in the fall. After carcass injury, it is caused by bacterial infection. The main symptoms of the disease are a bit of congestion, oval-shaped erythema, and abdomen. The side is most obvious, and the surface is punctured when severe, forming irregular holes. Control measures, using bleaching powder (containing 30% of available chlorine) dissolved in water, then Quanchiposa, so that the pool water into 1-1.2ppm concentration has a certain effect.
Fever in individual cages is caused by the high density of Astragalus membranaceus. The mucus produced by the body surface is accumulated in the water and fermented. The temperature of the water rises, and the jaundice is restless and entangled with each other. Preventive measures include the use of a small amount of muddy fish in the Dianchi Lake to prevent entrapped jaundice through muddy lofts, and to immediately replace new water, increase oxygen, and control disease.
References [1] Lei Huiyi, et al., 1981. Pond Fish Culture. Shanghai Science and Technology Press, (77~85)
[2] Ruan Xinru, 1977. China Modern Agricultural Papers. Chinese Book Publishing House, (872 ~ 874)
[3] Chief editor, Fisheries Corporation, Ministry of Agriculture, 1993. Freshwater fish culture technology, Agricultural Press, (296-305)
[4] Huang Qilu, ed., 1993. Aquatic Animal Diseases, Shanghai Science and Technology Press, (112~117)
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Production Flow Chart:
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Production Specification Sheet
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Product Name |
Goji Juice |
Country of Origin |
Ningxia in China |
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ANALYSIS |
DESCRIPTION |
TEST METHODS |
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Product Name |
Organic Goji Juice |
Conventional Goji Juice |
Conventional Contracted Goji Juice |
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BRIX |
NLT 13 |
NLT 36 |
Organoleptic Inspection |
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Color |
Bright auburn or Purple red |
Organoleptic Inspection |
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Smell and Taste |
Characteristic |
Organoleptic Inspection |
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Texture |
The fruit pulp contains, a period of few days the juice will appear pulp precipitation |
Organoleptic Inspection |
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Total plate count(cfu/ml) |
NMT 1000 |
GB4789.2 |
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Salmonella |
Absence |
GB/T 4789.4 |
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Staphylococcus |
Absence |
GB 4789.10 |
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Pb, mg/kg |
NMT 0.5 |
GB 5009.12 |
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As, mg/kg |
NMT 0.5 |
GB/T 5009.11 |
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Cu, mg/kg |
NMT 10.0 |
GB/T 5009.13 |
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Pesticide Residue |
Absence |
NMT 0.2ppm |
GB/T 19648-2006, GB/T 200769-2008 |
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Shelf Life |
12 months if stored in a cool ventilated dry place |
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Package |
210kg/drum.,Internal: double aseptic bag. External: Drum |
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Storage |
It should be stored under the dry and ventilated environment |
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