August 23 is a summer holiday. The farmer said: "A cold autumn rains." After the summer holiday, the temperature gradually decreases, the sunshine is sufficient, and the rainfall is gradually reduced, which is conducive to the growth of vegetable crops. At this time, it is an important period for planting, planting and managing vegetables, and it is also a key period for the management of vegetables in the open field, and it is also necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases.
Autumn and winter greenhouse crop planting
Autumn and winter 茬Sunlight greenhouse Tomato, eggplant, pepper and other warm crops are suitable for planting from late August to early September. The greenhouse with good insulation performance can be cultivated in winter, but it should be planted later.
Deducting the shed film in advance, using the EVA functional film for droplet elimination and fogging, and selecting the PO film for condition; the greenhouse for planting tomato and eggplant should be replaced with a new film. Do not use PVC film for eggplant, otherwise it will affect the fruit. Coloring. The bottom edge of the lower agricultural film is not buried in the soil for the time being, and is sealed with an insect-proof net to release the wind.
Disinfect the shed and soil. The shed can be sterilized by sulfur fumigation method, the amount of 3 kg per mu, or 4 g per cubic meter of space, 8 g of sawdust, and the air is exhausted after 24 hours of ignition and sealing. 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent can also be used 200-250 grams per acre or 30% quick-acting smoke agent 300-500 grams, and the air is ignited for 2 to 3 hours.
Applying organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, applying 5000 kg of fully decomposed and finely divided high-quality organic fertilizer per acre. If unfertilized organic fertilizer is used, not only can the crop nutrients be not supplied in time, but also the roots affecting the growth of the crops, and the occurrence of defects, etc. Underground pests are harmful, so organic fertilizers must be fully decomposed before application. If the organic fertilizer source is insufficient, bio-organic fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer can be applied, and the dosage is 3,000 kg per mu.
Fine land preparation, fertilize the cultivated land 10 to 15 days in advance, so that it can be ploughed, leveled, and free of light and dark; made into sorghum or ridge high sorghum 15-20 cm above the ground, and ridge high sorghum suitable for sheds without drip irrigation facilities. Dig a V-shaped watering ditch in the middle of the raft to facilitate the watering method under the membrane. Planting should be planted in the late August, and the mulch should be covered after the cultivating of the seedlings. After the beginning of September, the mulch should be planted after the mulch.
Pay attention to the quality of colonization. Selecting strong and uniform seedlings with uniform size, suitable for shallow depth and reasonable density, generally 3000 varieties of common tomato varieties per mu, 2200 varieties of cherry tomatoes, and 2 to 4 plants per pot for seedlings.
Greenhouse crop management
The crops such as tomato and cucumber planted in the greenhouse in autumn are in the flowering stage; the crops such as summer gourd, bitter gourd, pepper, eggplant and so on are also in the flowering stage. At this time, the weather gradually cools, which is conducive to flowering pollination and fruit enlargement. Field management promotes the plant to have a high rate of fruit. The first step is to adjust the appropriate temperature, light and humidity. The second is to pruning and smashing in time, and to promote the fruit setting. The third is to promote fruit setting. Tomato can use bumblebee-assisted pollination or shock pollinator to assist pollination to increase the fruit setting rate. Eggplant should not sit on the fruit when the temperature in the greenhouse is too high. It should be sprayed or scented with high-preservation “Fengliang Agent No. 2â€. The fourth is scientific watering and topdressing, controlling water and fertilizer in the vegetative growth period, and promoting the root system of the plant. Stretching downwards, controlling the growth of stems and leaves on the ground. When the first ear fruit grows to 3 cm in size, it is re-watered and topdressed. The cucumber is watered and topdressed when the young melon begins to elongate. The fifth is to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, especially to prevent the occurrence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus, doorway and tuyere. Sealed with a 50-mesh insect net to control the damage of B. tabaci in time.
Autumn crops crop management
The cauliflower, cabbage, lettuce and other crops planted in autumn and autumn are in the rosette stage. It is the stage of growing the outer leaves. The first is to cultivate the loose soil and the “saplings†to promote root growth and avoid excessive leaf growth. For example, 3 to 5 days after cultivating, it will be cultivated in the rain to facilitate root growth. The "small seedlings" period is generally around 15 days; the second is to water and topdress. At the end of the "small seedlings", watering and topdressing will be started, and 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer will be applied to each acre of open hole. The third is to timely control pests such as aphids and cabbage moths. Biological pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis and high-efficiency low- and low-residue pesticides should be used to prevent and cure at night.
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